Table 2.
Some Covid-19 detection tools based on polymeric structures as test components
| Polymeric structure | Test Format | Biorecegnition | Detection method | LOD | Detection range | Test time | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPy-g-PCL | Dot-blot assay | SARS-CoV-2 Antibody cocktail | Fluorescence measurement and smartphone sensing | 1.8 Log viral copy mL−1 | 6.03 to 8.7 Log viral copy mL−1 | 15–20 min | This work |
| PPy and AuNP | Electrochemical biosensor | Oligonucleotide primer for nucleocapsid protein (N) gene | CV and EIS | 258.01 copies μL−1 | 800 to 4000 copies μL−1 | 15 min | [33] |
| Dye (Crimson red) coated polymer NPs | LFA | LAMP primers for ORF1ab and N genes | Visualization of test lines | 12 copies per reaction | 1.2 × 104–1.2 × 10−2 copies | 60 min | [30] |
| P(NIPAAm-co-HIPAAm-co-SAKIPAAm) | Affinity enrichment strategy combined LFA | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody | Visualization of test lines after affinity enrichment by a thermo-responsive polymer | 1.04 × 10−15 mol mL−1 recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein | - | 70 min | [32] |
| PDPP-TT | OFET biosensor | Anti-S1 protein antibodies | Electrical signal measurement | 74.6 pg mL−1 for RBD of S1 Protein | 10 pg mL−1 μg mL−1 for RBD of S1 Protein | 20 min | [31] |
| Dye-loaded polymersome (mPEG-b-PCL diblock copolymers) | LFA | SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail | Visualization of test lines | - | - | 5–10 min | [3] |
| PmPD | MIP-based electrochemical biosensor | MIP | DPV measurement | 15 fM | 2.22–111 fM | - | [35] |
| Pm-AP | VIP-based electrochemical biosensor | Virus-imprinted matrix | Impedimetric measurement | 57 pg mL−1 | 7–320 pg mL−1 | - | [34] |
PPy, polypyrole; AuNP, gold nanoparticle; CV, cyclic voltammetry; EIS, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; NPs, nanoparticles; LFA, lateral flow assay; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification; ORF1ab, opening reading frame 1a/b; N gene, nucleoprotein genes; P(NIPAAm-co-HIPAAm-co-SAKIPAAm): poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyisopropylacrylamide-co-strained alkyne isopropylacrylamide); PDPP-TT, polydiketo-pyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene; OFET, organic field-effect transistor; RBD, receptor-binding domain; mPEG-b-PCL, methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-polycaprolactone; PmPD, poly-m-phenylenediamine; MIP, molecularly imprinted polymer; Pm-AP, poly(meta-aminophenol); VIP, virus-imprinted sensors