| Agitation |
200–400 |
105
|
0.005–0.0296 |
Pluronic |
Octafluoropropane gas |
85
|
| No data – 270 |
1011
|
No data |
Phospholipid |
Octafluoropropane gas |
113
|
| 180–200 |
No data |
0.09–0.21 |
Phospholipid |
Octafluoropropane gas |
114
|
| No data – 580 |
108
|
No data |
Phospholipid |
Octafluoropropane gas |
115
|
| No data – 430 |
109
|
No data |
Phospholipid |
Octafluoropropane gas |
2
|
| Double emulsion polymerization |
No data – 290 |
No data |
No data |
Polymer |
Air |
37
|
| Hydrodynamic cavitation by a baffled high intensity cell |
280–730 |
No data |
< 0.35 |
DI water, sodium dodecyl sulfate, methyl isobutyl carbinol or methyl amyl alcohol and DF250 |
CO2
|
118
|
| 150–650 |
No data |
No data |
DI water, methyl isobutyl methanol, N-pentanol |
Air |
18
|
| Hydrodynamic cavitation by using centrifugal multiphase pump (CMP) |
50–400 |
109
|
No data |
DI water, α-terpineol solution |
Air |
120
|
| 100–550 |
108
|
No data |
DI water, pine oil |
Air |
121
|
| 150–400 |
109
|
No data |
DI water, a-terpineol |
Air |
122
|
| No data – 220 |
108
|
No data |
DI water, aluminum sulfate, non-ionic high-molecular-weight polyacrylamide flocculan |
Air |
119
|
| Hydrodynamic cavitation on a microfluidic platform |
No data – 130 |
108
|
No data |
DI water |
Air |
12
|
| Compression–decompression |
100–800 |
109
|
0.18 |
DI water |
Xe, air, SF6
|
147
|
| 150–720 |
No data |
No data |
DI water, sodium dodecyl sulphate, methyl ether monoamine alkyl |
Air |
123
|
| Surface electrostatic nanobubble |
220–300 |
No data |
No data |
DI water |
Oxygen, methane |
135
|
| Using graphene sheets |
320–920 |
109
|
No data |
DI water, NaCl |
Nitrogen |
129
|
| Shirasu-porous-glass (SPG) membranes |
360–720 |
No data |
0.45–0.48 |
DI water, sodium dodecyl sulfate |
Air |
130
|
| Ultrasonic irradiation |
50–220 |
106
|
No data |
DI water |
Air |
131
|
| Microbubble fragmentation |
0–500 |
7 × 106
|
No data |
Phospholipid |
Octafluoropropane gas |
132
|
| Generation via nanopores membrane |
50–200 |
6 × 107
|
No data |
DI water, sodium laureth sulfate |
CO2, O2, N2, ar, He |
133
|
| Electrolysis |
30–250 |
No data |
No data |
DI water, NaOH, MnSO4
|
No gas required |
136
|
| No data – 200 |
1021
|
No data |
Water, Na2SO4
|
No gas required |
135
|
| 60–80 |
1018
|
No data |
DI water, Na2SO4
|
No gas required |
134
|
| Plasma |
50–400 |
No data |
No data |
DI water |
Air |
116
|
