Table 3.
The studies about ncRNA as diagnostic biomarkers in MMD patients.
| Reference | Sample size | ncRNA | Platform | Sample | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dai et al. [115] 2014 |
10 HC and 10 MMD | miR-106b, miR-130a, miR-126, miR-125a-3p | Microarray | Serum | miR-106b, miR-130a, and miR-126 were upregulated in MMD, while miR-125a-3p was downregulated |
| Zhao et al. [118] 2017 |
5 HC and 5 MMD | hsa_circRNA_100914, hsa_circRNA_103343, hsa_circRNA_050898, hsa_circRNA_101720, hsa_circRNA_067209 | Microarray and RT-qPCR | Whole blood | Several circular RNAs were differentially expressed in MMD compared with HC |
| Wang et al. [116] 2019 |
Discovery: 3 HC and 3 MMD Validation: 5 HC and 5 MMD |
AS-tDR-000586, AS-tDR-000924, AS-tDR-007725, AS-tDR-011363 | RNA-seq in the discovery cohort; RT-qPCR in the validation cohort | Whole blood | AS-tDR-000586, AS-tDR-007725, and AS-tDR-011363 were upregulated in MMD, while AS-tDR-000924 was downregulated |
| Ma et al. [117] 2019 |
5 HC and 5 MMD | hsa_circRNA_100146, hsa_circRNA_102534, hsa_circRNA_036592, hsa_circRNA_405463, and hsa_circRNA-405324 | Microarray and RT-qPCR | Neutrophil | Several circular RNAs were differentially expressed in MMD compared with HC |
| Wang et al. [119] 2020 |
Discovery: 31 HC and 31 MMD Validation: 16 HC and 16 MMD |
miR-3679-5p, miR-6165, miR-6760-5p, miR-574-5p | Microarray and RT-qPCR | CSF exosome | These 4 miRNAs can identify MMD from HC |
Abbreviation: CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; HC: health control; MMD: moyamoya disease; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.