a PRKCZ expression in each cell line is determined by RT-qPCR. b PRKCZ expression in each cell line determined by western blotting. C28/I2, human chondrocyte cell line for comparison. In c–h PRKCZ-overexpressing NDCS-1 vs. mock-transfected NDCS-1. c PRKCZ expression determined by RT-qPCR. d PRKCZ expression determined by western blotting. e Proliferation assay. f Sub-G1 fraction rate determined by cell cycle assay. g Levels of apoptosis-related proteins expression determined by western blotting. h Time course of tumour volume of xenograft transplantation. Images were harvested at the sacrifice; representative images are shown. In i–l siPRKCZ-transfected OUMS-27 vs. scrambled siRNA-transfected OUMS-27. i. PRKCZ expression determined by qRT-PCR. j PRKCZ expression determined by western blotting. k Proliferation assay. l Sub-G1 fraction rate determined by cell cycle assay. In a, c, e, f, h, i, k, and l data are means ± SD; n = 3. Two-tailed t-tests. *p < 0.05. NS not significant.