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. 2022 Apr 26;12:6807. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10933-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Composition of the bacterial community. (a) At the Lactobacillus level. Boxplots showing the % of read abundance of Lactobacillus genus in vaginal microbiome at 12 weeks in the IVF vs in the spontaneous pregnancy group. Asterisks show statistical significant two-sided Wilcoxon’s test. (b) At the CST level. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) ordination based on Bray Curtis non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) dissimilarities permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) 999 permutations; p-value < 0.001). Samples belonging to different CSTs are indicated with different colour dots. (c) A heatmap of relative abundance of the top 25 species found in the vaginal samples of pregnant women at 12 weeks included in our study. Each vertical line represents 1 sample. CST, community state type, IVF and spontaneous group.