Table 2.

Refugee fathers' risk of mental disorders^a across varying lengths and types of family separation^b

	Any mental disorder		Psychotic disorders		Affective disorders		Neurotic & stress-related disorders
Model 1–4	HRs	95% CI	HRs	95% CI	HRs	95% CI	HRs	95% CI
Family separation
Reunified (ref.)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Separated	2.10***	1.57–2.81	2.44	0.91–6.56	1.43	0.67–3.06	2.09***	1.53–2.85
Total known family separation period
0–8 months (ref.)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
9–11 months	1.43*	1.08–1.89	1.15	0.35–3.80	1.08	0.54–2.17	1.56**	1.16–2.10
12–17 months	1.56**	1.20–2.04	1.28	0.43–3.75	1.73	0.92–3.27	1.62***	1.22–2.17
18–23 months	2.02***	1.52–2.68	1.69	0.57–5.07	1.53	0.78–3.01	2.12***	1.57–2.88
24–90 months	1.86***	1.39–2.48	1.50	0.50–4.54	1.34	0.67–2.67	1.99***	1.46–2.72
Model 5–8
Family separation
Reunified (ref.)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Separated	2.25***	1.67–3.03	2.74	1.00–7.52	1.64	0.75–3.56	2.22***	1.61–3.04
Asylum decision waiting time
0–2 months (ref.)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
3–5 months	1.28*	1.06–1.54	1.59	0.66–3.83	1.33	0.82–2.15	1.29*	1.06–1.56
6–11 months	1.66***	1.35–2.05	2.26	0.90–5.66	2.07**	1.23–3.49	1.58***	1.27–1.97
12–60 months	1.85***	1.47–2.33	1.87	0.71–4.92	2.55***	1.46–4.46	1.70***	1.33–2.17
Family reunification waiting time
0–5 months (ref.)	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
6–8 months	1.39**	1.10–1.76	1.25	0.61–2.53	1.47	0.91–2.39	1.44**	1.11–1.85
9–11 months	1.48**	1.17–1.88	1.36	0.66–2.79	1.21	0.73–2.01	1.61***	1.24–2.09
12–60 months	1.38**	1.09–1.74	1.17	0.58–2.38	0.93	0.56–1.55	1.51**	1.17–1.94
No. of diagnosed fathers	1219		112		227		1073

^aDiagnoses based on first-time hospital contact for 6176 refugee fathers resettled in Denmark 1995–2015

^bModels 1–4: Varying lengths of total known family separation. Models 5–8: Family separation divided into asylum decision and family reunification waiting time. Results are displayed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Survival time starts when the fathers receive their residence permit. Analyses are adjusted for Danish provinces and origin in Middle East or 'other regions', and stratified on age at application (18–29, 30–39, and 40–65 years), period of application (before or after 2001), Sub-Saharan origin, and settlement in province North Jutland

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001