Table 3.
Several Biogenic Silica Nanoparticles and Their Applications
| Synthesized NP | Bio-Source | Synthesis Method | NP Size (nm) | Specific Surface Area (m2 g−1) | Pore Diameter (nm) | Shape | Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RMSN-D WMSN-D |
Rice & Wheat husk | Acid-pretreatment/ Calcination then sol-gel process with CTAB surfactant | 41.8, 72 | 950.76, 617.35 | 4.7, 4.1 | Spherical | Drug delivery | [15] |
| RMSN-DAN | Rice husk | Acid-pretreatment/Calcination Acid-pretreatment/ Calcination then sol-gel process with CTAB surfactant and finally AA and NIPAAm monmers polymerization on the vinyl modifies nanoparticles surface | 34 | - | - | Spherical | Drug delivery | [26] |
| RMSN-DPAN & RMSN-DHPAN | Rice husk | Acid-pretreatment/Calcination Acid-pretreatment/ Calcination then sol-gel process with CTAB surfactant and finally AA and NIPAAm monmers polymerization on the vinyl modifies nanoparticles surface by DBD plama technique | 102, 162 | - | - | Spherical | Drug delivery | [27] |
| Biogenic-silica nanoparticle (bSN) | Rice husk | Acid-pretreatment/Calcination | 10–40 | 289 | Less than 10 | Spherical | As Li-ion battery anodes | [149] |
| Silica nanofluids | Rice husk | Acid-pretreatment/ precipitate by Na2CO3-/dispersing the nanoparticles in water with ultrasonic vibration | Average 47 | - | - | Near-spherical | Electronics cooling, industrial cooling, drug delivery, and CO2 absorption enhancement | [150] |
| Amine functionalized biogenic MCM-48 | Rice husk | Acid-pretreatment/Calcination/ preparation sodium silicate solution/ adding templates to synthesis MCM-48 by sol-gel method/calcination to template removal/ amination by APTES | - | 1024 for MCM-48/124 for amine functionalized MCM-48 | 4.02 for MCM-48/10.24 for amine functionalized MCM-48 | Spherical with cubic Ia3d mesophase. | CO2 removal. | [57] |
| palladium-copper zinc loaded on biogenic MCM-41 | Rice husk | Acid-pretreatment/Calcination/ preparation sodium silicate solution/ adding templates to synthesis MCM-41 by sol-gel/calcination to template removal/ Loading of metals onto MCM-41 support | 30–39 | 851 for MCM-41/32-179 for several kinds of catalysts | 3.5 for MCM-41/3.9–15.5for several kinds of catalysts | Spherical | As a catalyst to production of methanol from carbon dioxide | [151] |
| Composite of biogenic MCM-41 and rice husk | Rice husk | Acid-pretreatment/ adding to template solution to synthesis MCM-41/ washing with ethanol several time to remove any remaining soluble salts. | - | - | - | Aggregates of wormy and spherical particles | Phosphate removal | [152] |
| Biogenic MCM-41 | Wheat husk | Acid-pretreatment/Calcination/ adding templates to synthesis MCM-41 by sol-gel/calcination to template removal | 300–500 | - | - | - | Adsorption, ion-exchange and shape-selective catalysis. | [153] |
| Biogenic silica nanoparticles | Corn cob | Washing with water/calcination/ adding templates to synthesis silica nanoparticles by sol-gel/calcination to template removal | 44–98 | - | - | Spherical | Nanoscience | [76] |
| Biogenic silica gel | Palm oil | Precipitation | <50 µm | - | - | Gel | Nanoscience | [154] |