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| Properties | CQDs | GQDs |
|---|---|---|
| Shape | Spherical carbon particles | Disk of graphene |
| Size | <10 nm | 2–20 nm |
| Hybridization | sp3 | sp2 |
| Crystallinity | Amorphous | Crystalline |
| Photoluminescence behavior | Due to surface defects | Due to quantum confinement, zigzag edges, and surface defects |
