Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients in this study.
| Sapien XT (N = 20) | Sapien 3 (N = 36) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73 ± 8 | 70 ± 13 | 0.356 |
| Male, n (%) | 11 (55%) | 21 (58%) | 1 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.25 ± 3.22 | 24.17 ± 4.08 | 0.389 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.61 ± 0.20 | 1.63 ± 0.15 | 0.676 |
| Systemic hypertension, n (%) | 14 (70%) | 25 (69%) | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 9 (45%) | 7 (19%) | 0.085 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 8 (40%) | 15 (42%) | 1 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (3%) | 0.596 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 14 (70%) | 14 (39%) | 0.051 |
| Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 4 (20%) | 2 (6%) | 0.221 |
| Previous percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%) | 8 (40%) | 8 (22%) | 0.270 |
| Previous coronary artery bypass grafting, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (8%) | 0.479 |
| Previous valve surgery, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Carotid artery disease, n (%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (8%) | 1 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 4 (20%) | 5 (14%) | 0.828 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 3 (15%) | 3 (8%) | 0.747 |
| Previous atrial fibrillation / atrial flutter, n (%) | 4 (20%) | 6 (17%) | 1 |
| Previous permanent pacemaker implantation, n (%) | 1 (5%) | 2 (6%) | 1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 2 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 0.938 |
| Chronic kidney disease ≧ stage 3, n (%) | 8 (40%) | 6 (17%) | 0.107 |
| Renal dialysis, n (%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (3%) | 0.596 |
| Heart failure, NYHA functional class III/IV, n (%) | 17 (85%) | 28 (78%) | 0.764 |
| Syncope, n (%) | 2 (10%) | 5 (14%) | 1 |
| STS-PROM score, % | 9.01 ± 8.85 | 4.37 ± 3.97 | 0.009 |
| Frailty score | 2.50 ± 1.28 | 1.58 ± 1.02 | 0.005 |
| Baseline echocardiographic findings | |||
| Mean gradient, mmHg | 50.15 ± 21.71 | 55.17 ± 24.34 | 0.446 |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.61 ± 0.19 | 0.64 ± 0.18 | 0.531 |
| Aortic regurgitation ≧ moderate, n (%) | 3 (15%) | 9 (25%) | 0.593 |
| Mitral regurgitation ≧ moderate, n (%) | 6 (30%) | 11 (31%) | 1 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 48.40 ± 18.44 | 55.17 ± 13.79 | 0.162 |
| Pulmonary hypertension (PASP ≧60 mmHg), n (%) | 3 (15%) | 3 (8%) | 0.747 |
NYHA, New York Heart Association; STS-PROM, society for thoracic surgery-probability of mortality score; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure.