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. 2021 Nov 4;11(57):35854–35878. doi: 10.1039/d1ra06703f

Brief summary of the pharmacological properties.

S. no. Pharmacological activities Parts/extracts/possible chemical constituents References
1 Wound healing potential Latex: aqueous extract 67
Latex 68
Bark: ethanolic extract 69
Leaves: aqueous extract 70
Bark: aqueous extract 71
2 Anticoccidial activity Dried leaves powder 72
3 Toxicity activity Leaves: aqueous extract 73 and 74
Leaves and stem bark extracts 75
Leaves and stem: ethanolic extract 29
Leaves: ethanolic extract 79
4 Biopesticidal/insecticidal activity Leaves: extract 80 and 81
Leaves: methanolic extract, latex protein fraction, flavonoids (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) 35
5 Antimycoplasmal activity Leaves: acetone extract 82
6 Hepatoprotective activity Root bark: methanolic extract 83
Flowers: hydroethanolic extract 84
Roots: chloroform extract 85
7 Antimicrobial/antibacterial activity Leaves: methanolic extract, flavonoids (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) 86
Leaves and latex: ethanol, aqueous, and chloroform extract 87
Leaves and stem: aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic extract 88 and 89
Endophytic fungi of C. procera 90
Seeds: chloroform extract 91
Root: pet. ether, methanolic extract 92
Flowers: ethanolic extract 93
Latex 94
Leaves: methanolic extract 95
Leaves, flower, root bark: ethanolic extract 96
Leaves and latex: aqueous, ethanolic extract 97 and 98
Leaves: aqueous, methanolic extract 99
Latex: aqueous extract 78
8 Central nervous system activity Latex proteins 100
9 Antioxidant activity Leaves, flower, fruit, latex 101
Leaves: aqueous, methanolic extract, quercetin and its derivatives 76
Leaves: aqueous and methanolic extract 102
Leaves, flowers and fruits: methanolic extract 103
Bark: ethanolic extract 69
10 Antinociceptive activity Latex protein 104
11 Antihelmintic activity Flowers: crude powder, aqueous and methanolic extract 105
Latex: fresh, dried aqueous extract 106 and 107
12 Antiinflammatory activity Dry latex 108 and 109
Stem bark: chloroform and hydro-alcoholic extract 110
Latex: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous extract 77
Latex: pet. ether, acetone, methanol extract 111
Leaves: aqueous extract 112
Flowers: ethanolic extract 93
13 Antidiarroheal activity Bark: Arkamula Tvarka (Ayurvedic preparation) 45
Latex 113
14 Antifungal activity Aqueous bark extract 114
Leaves: aqueous, methanol, acetone and ethanol extract 115
Root bark 116
Antimycotic activity against dermatophytes Latex 117
Antimycofloral activity (fungi in wheat) Fresh latex 118
15 Larvicidal activity Crude latex and ethanolic extract of leaf 119
Leaves: ethanolic extract 120
Leaves: aqueous extract 121
Flower, young bud, mature leaves and stems: ethanolic extract 122
Flowers: aqueous extract 123
16 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) inhibitor activity Latex 124
17 Antifertility activity Ethanolic extract of roots 125
Leaves: ethanolic extract 79
Roots (calotropin) 59
Abortifacient activity Latex 126
Antisperm activity Root: chloroform extract 127
Oestrogenic/antiovulatory activity Roots: ethanolic and aqueous extract 128
18 Plasma clotting activity Protein fraction isolated from fresh latex 129
19 Antiplasmodial activity Different plant parts: ethyl acetate, ethanolic and acetone extract 130
Leaves extract 131
20 Antipyretic activity Dry latex: aqueous extract 132
Flowers: ethanolic extract 93
21 Antiasthmatic activity Flowers 133
22 Anticonvulsant activity Root extracts 134
23 Cytotoxic activity Root (2′′-oxovoruscharin) 62
Laticifer proteins (LP) recovered from latex 135
Root: methanolic, aqueous, ethyl acetate, hexane extracts 136
Plant: methanolic extract 137
Stems: uzarigenin 138
Root bark: calotroprocerol A 139
Root: alcoholic, hydro-aqueous and aqueous 140
Leaf: ethanolic extract 149
24 Analgesic activity Flowers: Ethanolic extract 93
25. Antihyperglycemic activity Leaves: pet ether, methanol and aqueous extracts 141
26 Antiarthritis activity Latex 142
Protein sub fraction of latex 143
27 Antimolluscicidal activity Latex: 95% aqueous ethanol (uscharin) 144
28 Antitermites activity Latex 145
29 Antimigraine activity Dried terminal leaves 146
30 Anti-ulcer activity Root: chloroform extract 147
Plant: 50% ethanolic extract 148
Leaf: ethanolic extract 149
Stem bark: chloroform and hydroalcoholic extract 110
31 Spasmolytic activity Plant: aqueous extract 150
32 Allelopathic activity Leaves: aqueous extract 151
33 Anti-keloidal activity Latex 68
34 Anti-hyperbilirubinemic activity Leaves: aqueous extract 70
35 Antiapoptotic activity Latex 152