TABLE 1.
Description of the standard hospital meals and the hospital meals for COVID patients.
| Energy (Kcal) | Protein (g,% energy) | HBV protein (g,% of meal protein) | Leucine (g) | Carbohydrates (g/% meal energy) |
Fat (g/% meal energy) |
|||
| All days breakfast |
Pre-COVID | Milk (or Tea or Chamomile) 1 packet Sugar 1 Cheese Triangle 2 pcs. Melba Toasts |
256 | 10.0 15.7% |
8.2 82.5% |
0.81 | 31 48.5% |
7.1 25.1% |
| Post-COVID | Milk (or Tea or Chamomile) 1 packet Sugar 1 Cheese Triangle 1 boiled egg 2 pcs. Melba Toasts Vanilla pudding |
537 | 21.3 15.9% |
19.5 91.7% |
1.7 | 61.8 46% |
19.3 32.4% |
|
| 1st day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Spaghetti Bolognese Cucumber Apple White bread |
715 | 32.44 18.1% |
19.31 59.5% |
2.0 | 97.7 54.6% |
21.5 27.1% |
| Post COVID | Spaghetti Bolognese Grated cheese Cabbage and carrot salad Apple Rice pudding White bread |
1,022 | 43.9 17.2% |
29.28 66.6% |
2.2 | 142.4 55.7% |
31.0 27.3% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Chicken with lemon sauce Mashed potatoes Apple Yogurt White bread |
1,004 | 57.1 22.7% |
48.6 85.1% |
2.4 | 96.1 38.3% |
43.3 38.8% |
| Post COVID | Chicken with lemon sauce Roasted potatoes Apple Yogurt White bread |
1,020 | 57.6 22.6% |
46.7 81.1% |
2.4 | 122.7 48.1% |
33.4 29.5% |
|
| 2nd day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Fish with lemon sauce Potato salad Boiled zucchini Apple White bread |
760 | 39.4 20.7% |
24.9 63.3% |
2.5 | 129.6 68.1% |
10.9 12.9% |
| Post COVID | Grilled fish Potato salad Cabbage and carrot salad Apple Vanilla pudding White bread |
930 | 43.3 18.6% |
29.9 69.1% |
2.9 | 164.7 70.8% |
12.4 12.0% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Lasagna Tomato sauce Grated cheese Apple Yogurt White bread |
785 | 37.1 18.9% |
22.7 61.2% |
1.0 | 110.6 56.3% |
22.3 25.5% |
| Post COVID | Spaghetti Tomato sauce with vegetables (zucchini-carrot -peppers) Grated cheese Apple Yogurt White bread |
796 | 37.5 18.8% |
22.7 60.6% |
1.1 | 113.2 56.8% |
22.4 25.3% |
|
| 3rd day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Pork with mustard sauce Rice Pilaf Apple Cucumber White bread |
749 | 45.3 24.2% |
35.1 77.4% |
3.4 | 102.4 54.7% |
16.9 20.3% |
| Post COVID | Pork with lemon sauce Roasted potatoes Cabbage and carrot salad Apple Vanilla pudding White bread |
1,025 | 53.2 20.7% |
40.1 75.4% |
3.8 | 160.3 62.5% |
19.9 17.5% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Potato ragù Yogurt Apple White bread |
736 | 27.5 14.9% |
18 65.3% |
0.026 | 103.5 56.2% |
24.8 30.3% |
| Post COVID | Potatoes ragù with mushrooms Feta cheese Apple Yogurt White bread |
852 | 36.2 17.0% |
25.1 69.3% |
0.7 | 111.4 52.3% |
31.1 32.8% |
|
| 4tb day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Braised beef with Tomato sauce Orzo/Risoni Apple Cucumber White bread |
870 | 55.22 25.37% |
42.09 76.22% |
3.9715 | 97.77 44.92% |
28.9 29.88% |
| Post COVID | Braised beef with tomato sauce Orzo/Risoni Grated cheese Apple Rice pudding Cabbage and carrot salad White bread |
1,089 | 66.75 24.51% |
52.06 77.99% |
4.546 | 142.56 52.35% |
28.99 23.95% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Rice Pilaf with carrots, peas and turkey pieces Apple Yogurt White bread |
851 | 51.04 23.98% |
41.25 80.82% |
1.975 | 105.37 49.52% |
24.43 25.83% |
| Post COVID | Chicken with lemon sauce Rice Pilaf Apple Yogurt White bread |
998 | 56.353 22.58% |
46.76 82.98% |
2.466 | 106.82 42.80% |
37.574 33.87% |
|
| 5th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Pork with peppers Mashed potatoes Apple Cucumber White bread |
740 | 45.82 24.76% |
37.04 80.84% |
3.3844 | 88.64 47.90% |
22.563 27.43% |
| Post COVID | Pork with Peppers mashed potatoes Apple Cabbage and carrot salad Vanilla pudding White bread |
994 | 52.38 21.07% |
42.04 80.26% |
3.885 | 130.59 52.54% |
29.693 26.88% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Mixed veg. ragù “Tourlou” (Potato, zucchini, Carrot, eggplant) Yogurt Apple White bread |
789 | 28.76 14.57% |
18 62.59% |
0.34405 | 121.91 61.77% |
22.15 25.25% |
| Post COVID | Rice Pilaf with vegetables (Carrot, Peas, zucchini, peppers) and sauce and turkey pieces Apple Yogurt White bread |
1,060 | 93.093 35.12% |
82.57 88.70% |
4.853 | 111.04 41.90% |
25.594 21.73% |
|
| 6th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Chicken braised with tomato sauce Lasagna Apple Cucumber White bread |
824 | 41.89 20.33% |
28.76 68.66% |
2.671 | 97.77 47.44% |
28.93 31.58% |
| Post COVID | Chicken braised with tomato sauce Rice Pilaf with carrots and peas Apple Yogurt Cabbage and carrot salad Vanilla pudding White bread |
1,261 | 63.76 20.22% |
51.76 81.18% |
2.985 | 150.95 47.88% |
44.67 31.88% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Rice Pilaf with mixed vegetables (Carrot, Peas) and turkey pieces Yogurt Apple White bread |
807 | 41.89 20.33% |
28.76 68.66% |
2.671 | 97.77 47.44% |
28.93 31.58% |
| Post COVID | Spaghetti with white sauce and bacon Grated cheese Apple Rice pudding White bread |
896 | 30.443 13.59% |
17.54 57.62% |
1.708 | 132.33 59.07% |
27.574 27.69% |
|
| 7th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Fish with lemon sauce Potato salad Apple Boiled zucchini White bread |
760 | 39.443 20.74% |
24.99 63.36% |
2.5735 | 129.67 68.17% |
10.974 12.98% |
| Post COVID | Fish with lemon sauce potato, zucchini, carrot Apple Rice pudding Cabbage and carrot salad White bread |
968 | 43.813 18.10% |
30.19 68.91% |
2.721 | 165.91 68.53% |
15.594 14.49% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Omelet (Pepper, potato, zucchini) Feta cheese Yogurt Apple White bread |
994 | 48.31 19.44% |
38.34 79.36% |
2.1211 | 113.72 45.75% |
39.31 35.59% |
| Post COVID | Rice Pilaf with (Carrot, Peas, zucchini, peppers) and turkey pieces Apple Yogurt White bread |
813 | 51.35 25.26% |
41.25 80.33% |
1.988 | 106.77 52.53% |
19.82 21.94% |
|
| 8th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Spaghetti Bolognese Apple Cucumber White bread |
715.2 | 32.44 18.14% |
19.31 59.53% |
1.713625 | 97.7 54.64% |
21.54 27.11% |
| Post COVID | Spaghetti Bolognese Grated cheese Apple Rice pudding Cabbage and carrot salad White bread |
1,022 | 43.97 17.21% |
29.28 66.59% |
2.288 | 142.56 55.79% |
31.01 27.30% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Chicken with lemon sauce Mashed potatoes Yogurt Apple White bread |
1,004 | 57.113 22.75% |
48.65 85.18% |
2.4926 | 96.13 38.29% |
43.337 38.83% |
| Post COVID | Chicken with lemon sauce mashed potatoes Apple Yogurt White bread |
1,004 | 57.113 22.75% |
48.65 85.18% |
2.493 | 96.13 38.29% |
43.337 38.83% |
|
| 9th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Fish with lemon sauce Potato salad Apple White bread |
767 | 36.593 19.07% |
24.99 68.29% |
2.481 | 122.97 64.08% |
14.764 17.31% |
| Post COVID | Fish with lemon sauce Potatoes, zucchinis, carrots Apple Rice pudding Cabbage and carrot salad White bread |
968 | 43.813 18.10% |
30.19 68.91% |
2.576 | 165.91 68.53% |
15.594 14.49% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Lasagna Tomato sauce Grated cheese Yogurt Apple White bread |
785.2 | 37.15 18.93% |
22.77 61.29% |
1.0925 | 110.64 56.36% |
22.32 25.58% |
| Post COVID | Rice Pilaf with carrots, peas and turkey pieces Yogurt Apple White bread |
1,060 | 93.093 35.12% |
82.57 88.70% |
4.853 | 111.04 41.90% |
25.594 21.73% |
|
| 10th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Pork with mustard sauce rice Pilaf Apple Cucumber White bread |
749 | 45.393 24.23% |
35.15 77.43% |
3.4036 | 102.49 54.71% |
16.964 20.37% |
| Post COVID | Pork with peppers Mashed potatoes Apple Cucumber White bread |
1,033 | 46.39 17.96% |
33.76 72.77% |
2.939 | 156.5 60.60% |
25.81 22.49% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Omelet (Zucchini, pepper, potato) Yogurt Apple White bread |
862 | 41.2 19.11% |
31.23 75.80% |
1.421 | 111.78 51.86% |
28.67 29.93% |
| Post COVID | Spaghetti Tomato sauce with peppers and carrots Grated cheese Yogurt |
796 | 37.57 18.87% |
22.77 60.61% |
1.118 | 113.2 56.87% |
22.43 25.35% |
|
| 11th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Braised beef with tomato sauce Orzo/Risoni Apple Cucumber White bread |
818 | 55.23 27.00% |
42.09 76.21% |
3.9715 | 97.8 47.81% |
23.56 25.92% |
| Post COVID | Spaghetti Minced meat with sauce Grated cheese Apple Cabbage and carrot salad Vanilla pudding White bread |
1,027 | 43.77 17.04% |
29.08 66.44% |
2.675 | 140.19 54.59% |
32.71 28.66% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Rice Pilaf with carrots, peas and turkey pieces Yogurt Apple White bread |
851 | 51.04 23.98% |
41.25 80.82% |
1.975 | 105.37 49.52% |
24.43 25.83% |
| Post COVID | Chicken with lemon sauce Roasted potatoes Apple Yogurt White bread |
1,020 | 57.603 22.58% |
46.76 81.18% |
2.46 | 122.71 48.11% |
33.444 29.50% | |
| 12th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Pork with peppers Mashed potatoes Apple Cucumber White bread |
740 | 45.82 24.76% |
37.04 80.84% |
3.384 | 88.64 47.90% |
22.563 27.43% |
| Post COVID | Pork with Peppers Mashed potatoes Apple Cabbage and carrot salad Vanilla pudding White bread |
928 | 50.17 21.62% |
42.04 83.80% |
3.742 | 115.21 49.65% |
29.353 28.46% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Spaghetti Tomato sauce with peppers and carrots Grated cheese Yogurt Apple White bread |
794 | 37.4 18.84% |
22.77 60.88% |
1.112 | 112.8 56.81% |
22.38 25.36% |
| Post COVID | Rice Pilaf with vegetables (Carrot, Peas, zucchini, peppers) and sauce and turkey pieces Apple Yogurt White bread |
837 | 52.413 25.04% |
41.89 79.92% |
2.039 | 111.04 53.06% |
20.214 28.46% |
|
| 13th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Chicken braised with tomato sauce Orzo/Risoni Apple Cucumber White bread |
780 | 41.89 21.48% |
28.76 68.66% |
2.663 | 97.77 50.13% |
24.24 27.96% |
| Post COVID | Chicken braised with tomato sauce Rice Pilaf with Carrot, Peas Apple Cabbage and carrot salad Vanilla pudding White bread |
1,067 | 45.76 17.15% |
33.76 73.78% |
2.985 | 142.99 53.59% |
34.67 29.24% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Rice Pilaf with mixed vegetables (Carrots, peas) and turkey pieces Yogurt Apple White bread |
807 | 51.04 25.30% |
41.25 80.82% |
1.975 | 105.37 52.23% |
19.74 22.01% |
| Post COVID | Pork with lemon sauce Roasted potatoes Apple Yogurt Vanilla pudding White bread |
950 | 63.993 26.93% |
53.15 83.06% |
3.369 | 122.71 51.65% |
22.724 21.52% |
|
| 14th day lunch |
Pre-COVID | Fish with lemon sauce Potato salad Apple Boiled zucchini White bread |
760 | 39.443 20.74% |
24.99 63.36% |
2.772 | 129.67 68.17% |
10.974 12.98% |
| Post COVID | Orzo/Risoni Octopus boiled Apple Cabbage and carrot salad Vanilla pudding White bread |
1,037 | 68.89 26.57% |
54.2 78.68% |
4.549 | 146.98 56.68% |
18.64 16.17% |
|
| Dinner | Pre-COVID | Omelet (spinach, zucchini) Feta cheese Yogurt Apple White bread |
807 | 45.3 22.43% |
37.71 83.25% |
1.940 | 71.31 35.32% |
38.49 42.89% |
| Post COVID | Potato ragù (Mushrooms, potatoes) Feta cheese Apple Yogurt White bread |
852 | 36.2 17.00% |
25.11 69.36% |
0.792 | 111.44 52.32% |
31.14 32.89% |
Water was also provided with every meal. HBV, High Biological Value.