TABLE 2.

Drugs for IS that target pericytes.

Drugs	Type of trial	Development phase	Outcomes	References
Atorvastatin	Preclinical trials	Preclinical	Promotes the maturation of new blood vessels by activate the Pl3k-Akt pathway in vitro study	Urbich et al., 2002
	Clinical trials	Phase II and IV	80 mg of atorvastatin per day can reduce the overall incidence of stroke and cardiovascular events in patients with recent stroke or TIA and unknown coronary heart disease; atorvastatin withdrawal can be associated with the increased risk of death or dependency at 90 day	Amarenco et al., 2006; Amarenco et al., 2007
Cilostazol	Preclinical trials	Preclinical	Reduces the expression and activity of MMP-9 and increases the expression of VEGFR2, promoting angiogenesis and protecting NVU in rat models	Omote et al., 2014
	Clinical trials	Phase IV	Although cilostazol does not reduce the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, it is not inferior to aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic stroke at high risk of cerebral hemorrhage	Kim et al., 2018
Edaravone	Preclinical trials	Preclinical	Functions as a free radical scavenger, inhibits the production of MMP-9, recovers the number of PDGFRβ-positive pericytes, protects the integrity of the NVU and reduces the damage after IS in rat models	Deguchi et al., 2014
Perlecan	Preclinical trials	Preclinical	Regulates pericyte recruitment through the cooperative functioning of PDGFRβ, support BBB maintenance and repair after IS in mice models	Nakamura et al., 2019