Table 2. ADOS-2 Item Scores by Race and Sex.

Item	Score, mean (SD)
	Race		Sex
	White	Black/African American	Female	Male
Children, No. (%)	3147 (50.3)	1618 (25.9)	1292 (20.6)	4963 (79.4)
ADOS-2 items
Eye contact	1.19 (0.98)	1.35 (0.94)	1.20 (0.98)	1.26 (0.97)
Gazea	0.78 (0.75)	0.96 (0.77)	0.86 (0.77)	0.88 (0.77)
Facial expressions	0.69 (0.66)	0.81 (0.67)	0.74 (0.69)	0.75 (0.66)
Vocalization	0.79 (0.74)	0.97 (0.78)	0.85 (0.78)	0.87 (0.76)
Shared enjoyment	0.58 (0.74)	0.68 (0.77)	0.61 (0.76)	0.62 (0.75)
Social overtures	0.88 (0.65)	1.00 (0.69)	0.93 (0.70)	0.95 (0.67)
Responding to joint attention	0.80 (0.73)	0.96 (0.77)	0.83 (0.75)	0.87 (0.75)
Gestures	0.63 (0.71)	0.85 (0.75)	0.70 (0.74)	0.73 (0.74)
Social response	0.89 (0.73)	1.04 (0.79)	0.95 (0.78)	0.97 (0.76)
Initiation of joint attention	0.69 (0.77)	0.86 (0.81)	0.73 (0.81)	0.77 (0.79)
Stereotyped language	0.63 (0.73)	0.72 (0.80)	0.68 (0.78)	0.68 (0.76)
Sensory interest	0.49 (0.77)	0.67 (0.85)	0.51 (0.78)	0.59 (0.82)
Repetitive interest	0.51 (0.82)	0.57 (0.85)	0.53 (0.83)	0.56 (0.84)
Hand mannerisms	0.91 (0.84)	0.98 (0.83)	0.82 (0.82)	1.01 (0.83)
ADOS-2 CSS
CSS	5.16 (2.92)	5.71 (2.82)	5.15 (2.99)	5.48 (2.88)
Social affect CSS	5.27 (2.79)	5.77 (2.71)	5.30 (2.84)	5.51 (2.77)
Restrictive, repetitive behaviors CSS	5.67 (3.10)	5.97 (3.04)	5.45 (3.12)	5.98 (3.03)
ADOS-2 status, children, No. (%)
No ASD/autism	1139 (36.2)	443 (27.4)	472 (36.5)	1561 (31.5)
ASD	393 (12.5)	195 (12.1)	144 (11.1)	599 (12.1)
Autism	1614 (51.3)	980 (60.6)	676 (52.3)	2803 (56.5)

Abbreviations: ADOS-2, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CSS, Calibrated Severity Score.

^a All items with 3 categories were collapsed to 2 categories, except for gaze, which is dichotomous.