Gut microbiota alters exocrine pancreas function in obese and insulin-resistant men. A: Western blots of amylase, elastase, trypsin, and lipase in the fecal samples of men who were treated with placebo (left) or vancomycin (Vanco) (right) for 1 week. The two adjacent columns correspond for each patient to before and after treatment. Individuals are separated with white dashes (n = 12). Quantification of amylase (B), lipase (C), elastase (D), and trypsin (E) levels in placebo and vancomycin groups. Molecular weight: amylase, 57 kDa; lipase, 51 kDa; elastase, 28 kDa; and trypsin, 27 kDa. Data represent mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 by paired t test.