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. 2022 Feb 3;71(5):961–977. doi: 10.2337/db21-0695

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Expression of YY1 in human and mouse pancreatic β-cells becomes more apparent after birth. (A) Immunostaining for C-peptide (green) and YY1 (red) with nuclear Hoechst 33342 counterstain (blue) in frozen sections collected from human pancreata at gestation week (GW) 11.3 and GW24.6 as well as at the adult stage. Scale bars: 100 μm. Squares denote magnified regions on the right (scale bars: 10 μm). (B and C) Quantification of (A) showing that (B) the number of YY1-expressing C-peptide+ cells and (C) the expression levels of YY1 in C-peptide+ cells are significantly higher in adult than fetal β-cells in humans (n = 3). (D) Immunostaining for INS (green) and YY1 (red) with nuclear Hoechst counterstain (blue) in frozen sections collected from C57Bl/6 pancreata at E14 and E18.5, as well as at P0.5, P7, and P28. Scale bars: 100 μm. Squares denote magnified regions on the right. Scale bars: 10 μm. (E) Quantification of (D) showing that the number of YY1-expressing INS+ cells is significantly increased shortly before birth and is maintained at a high level until the adulthood. (B, C, and E) Data are presented as mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; n = 3–10 mice per group. AU, arbitrary unit.