Table 1.

Outcome definitions for UKB and ACCORD

	Outcome	Definition
UKB	DR	Composite for diabetic eye disease in self-reported, primary care, or hospital admission records
	DKD	Chronic/DKD in self-reported, primary care, hospital, or death records
	Macroalbuminuria	UACR >33.9 mg/mmol at either UKB visit
	Microalbuminuria	UACR >3.4 mg/mmol at either UKB visit
	CVD	Composite for CVD. MI, ischemic stroke, unstable angina, or percutaneous coronary intervention
	MI	MI from self-report, primary care, hospital admissions, or death records. Control subjects were required to have no evidence of certain CVDs
	Stroke any	Ischemic, hemorrhagic, or unspecified stroke
	Stroke infarct	Ischemic stroke
ACCORD	Retin1	Retinal photocoagulation or vitrectomy to treat retinopathy
	Retin2	Eye surgery for cataract extraction
	Retin3	Three-line change in visual acuity
	Retin4	Severe vision loss (Snellen fraction <20/200)
	Neph1	Doubling of baseline serum creatinine or >20 mL/min per 1.73 m2 decrease in estimated GFR
	Neph2	Development of macroalbuminuria. UACR ≥33.9 mg/mmol
	Neph3	ESRD (i.e., initiation of dialysis or a rise of serum creatinine to 3.3 mg/dL [292 μmol/L])
	Neph4	Development of Neph1, Neph2, or Neph3
	Neph5	Development of microalbuminuria. UACR ≥3.4 mg/mmol
	Primary	Composite for CVD. Nonfatal MI, nonfatal/total stroke, death from cardiovascular causes, new/worsening congestive heart failure, or major CHD
	Nonfatal MI	Nonfatal myocardial infarction
	Major CHD	Major coronary heart disease
	Total mortality	All-cause mortality
	CVD mortality	Mortality from cardiovascular causes
	Nonfatal stroke	Nonfatal stroke
	Total stroke	Total stroke

UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.