Applications of UAAs incorporated enzymes.

Enzymes	Name of UAA	Structure of UAA	Characteristics	Incorporation method	References
ω-Transaminase	3-Fluorotyrosine		Enhanced catalytic activity and thermostability	Residue-specific incorporation of 4-fluoroproline	79
Organophosphate hydrolase	3-Fluorotyrosine		Thermal stability increment at alkaline pH	Residue-specific incorporation	85
P450	Nor-leucine		A two-fold increase in peroxygenase activity	Residue-specific incorporation	81
Lipase B	4-Fluorophenylalae		Prolonged the shelf life of lipase activity	Residue-specific incorporation of 4-fluorophenylalanine	86
Phospotriesterase (PTE)	4-Fluorophenylalanine		Enhanced protein refolding	Residue-specific incorporation of 4-fluorophenylalanine	115
Green fluorescent protein (GFP)	l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine		Forming protein–chitosan complexes enhancing stability	Site-specific incorporation of l-DOPA and residue-specific incorporation of 4-fluoroproline	77
Glutathione S-transferase (GST)	pNCSF		Formation of stable thiourea crosslinks	Site-specific incorporation	83
Lipase	Nor-leucine		A 10-fold increase in catalytic activity	Residue-specific incorporation	69
Phosphotriester (PTE)	l-(7-Hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)ethylglycine		A 8-fold increase in turnover number; promotion of Michaelis complex formation	Site-specific incorporation	83
NAL	2,3-Dihydroxypropyl cysteine		Alters substrate selectivity	Site-specific incorporation	87