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. 2022 Apr 26;22:160. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-01935-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — A SAGEs significantly reduced SHS-induced augmentation of RAGE protein in both WT (p = 0.03) and RAGE TG animals (p = 0.02) to near baseline and RAGE expression was not detected in RAGE KO mice. Blots were cropped and densitometrically normalized to β-actin and ratios of RAGE/β-actin are presented. B SAGEs decreased total BALF protein levels (B, p = 0.03–0.04 as indicated) and total BALF cellularity (C, p = 0.01–0.04 as indicated) in WT and RAGE TG exposed to SHS. Total BALF protein and leukocytes were unchanged in RAGE KO mice regardless of exposure (n = 6 mice per group). D-E, Exposure of WT mice to SAGEs prevented SHS-induced decreases in FVC (D, p = 0.01–0.03 as indicated) and PEV at PEF (E, p = 0.02–0.03 as indicated). FEV_0.1 was significantly decreased following SHS exposure of WT mice and addition of SAGEs to exposed WT mice elicited an increase in FEV_0.1 (F, p = 0.02–0.04 as indicated). Evaluations were obtained via the use of the FlexiVent Instrument (n = 6 animals per group)