Fig. 3.

Therapeutic strategies to exploit the nucleotide metabolism–immunity interplay in the clinic. A Targeting purine or pyrimidine pathways; B blocking DNA synthesis; C inhibiting adenosine pathway; D fecal microbiota transplantation. CAD carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, aspartyl transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase, IMPDH inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressive cells, A2AR adenosine 2A receptor, CD39 ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1, ASOs antisense oligonucleotides, CD73 ecto-5-nucleotidase