Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the whole study cohort and participants with CS and GCM at presentation
| All patients (n = 92) |
CS (n = 71) |
GCM (n = 21) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55 (48–60) | 56 (49–60) | 53 (46–63) | 0.442 |
| Female Gender | 31 (34) | 20 (29) | 11 (52) | 0.064 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (23.1–30.5) | 27.2 (24.2–30.6) | 23.3 (21.2–27.6) | 0.004 |
| NYHA class ≥ III | 38 (41) | 22 (31) | 16 (76) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities and laboratory findings | ||||
| Hypertension | 31 (33) | 25 (35) | 6 (29) | 0.793 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (8) | 6 (8) | 1 (5) | 1 |
| Previous CVD# | 13 (14) | 12 (17) | 1 (5) | 0.285 |
| Thyroid disease | 11 (12) | 8 (11) | 3 (14) | 0.709 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 5 (5) | 1 (1) | 4 (19) | 0.009 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL)§ | 1060 (279–5850) | 808 (222–2425) | 8309 (3562–24,482) | < 0.001 |
| Troponin T (ng/L)* | 34 (12–142) | 27.6 (8–55) | 473 (128–1270) | 0.014 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 97 (82–130) | 93 (76–115) | 134 (107–181) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 70 (49–80) | 73 (56–82) | 54 (30–75) | 0.016 |
| Prevalent cardiac manifestations at presentation | ||||
| Heart failure | 29 (31) | 22 (31) | 7 (33) | 1 |
| Sustained VT or VF | 23 (25) | 15 (21) | 8 (38) | 0.152 |
| High-grade AVB | 19 (21) | 17 (24) | 2 (9) | 0.223 |
| Sudden cardiac arrest | 6 (6) | 5 (7) | 1 (5) | 1 |
| Chest pain | 8 (9) | 5 (7) | 3 (14) | 0.377 |
| Other symptoms or signs¶ | 6 (6) | 6 (8) | 0 | 0.330 |
Data are numbers (%) of cases; medians (interquartile range)
AVB, Atrio-ventricular block; BMI, Body mass index; CVD, Cardiovascular diseases; CS, Cardiac sarcoidosis; eGFR, Estimated Glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI equation; GCM, Giant cell myocarditis; NYHA, New York Heart Association; VT, Ventricular tachycardia; VF, Ventricular fibrillation
#Including: supraventricular arrhythmias, transient ischemic attack, aortic aneurism
*Data reported on 50 patients (54% of the entire cohort, 50% of the CS group, 71% of the GCM group)
§Data reported on 82 patients (90% of the entire cohort, 89% of the CS group, 90% of the GCM group)
¶Including: fever, fatigue, and dizziness