Table 1.
Demographics, clinical and surgical characteristics of the women versus men in the cohort before propensity score matching
| Variable | PCI with stent | CABG | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 13,514) |
Men (n = 46,693) |
STD | Women (n = 1762) |
Men (n = 5565) |
STD | |
| Age (years) | 71.2 ± 11.7 | 61.8 ± 13.4 | 0.75 | 69.3 ± 9.9 | 65.2 ± 11.7 | 0.38 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 7374 (54.6%) | 15,866 (34.0%) | 0.42 | 1212 (68.8%) | 2644 (47.5%) | 0.44 |
| Hypertension | 10,448 (77.3%) | 27,716 (59.4%) | 0.39 | 1420 (80.6%) | 3734 (67.1%) | 0.31 |
| Dyslipidemia | 5901 (43.7%) | 21,987 (47.1%) | − 0.07 | 681 (38.6%) | 1942 (34.9%) | 0.08 |
| Heart failure hospitalization | 1647 (12.2%) | 2041 (4.4%) | 0.29 | 265 (15.0%) | 435 (7.8%) | 0.23 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 807 (6.0%) | 1412 (3.0%) | 0.14 | 137 (7.8%) | 339 (6.1%) | 0.07 |
| Prior stroke hospitalization | 2550 (18.9%) | 4998 (10.7%) | 0.23 | 353 (20.0%) | 901 (16.2%) | 0.10 |
| COPD | 945 (7.0%) | 4203 (9.0%) | − 0.07 | 111 (6.3%) | 678 (12.2%) | − 0.20 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 245 (1.8%) | 905 (1.9%) | − 0.01 | 19 (1.1%) | 122 (2.2%) | − 0.09 |
| Malignancy | 773 (5.7%) | 1860 (4.0%) | 0.08 | 60 (3.4%) | 177 (3.2%) | 0.01 |
| Autoimmune disease | 434 (3.2%) | 552 (1.2%) | 0.14 | 43 (2.4%) | 65 (1.2%) | 0.10 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3689 (27.3%) | 7024 (15.0%) | 0.30 | 598 (33.9%) | 1480 (26.6%) | 0.16 |
| Dialysis | 980 (7.3%) | 1371 (2.9%) | 0.20 | 115 (6.5%) | 240 (4.3%) | 0.10 |
| Charlson’s Comorbidity Index score | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 0.47 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 0.32 |
| Bleeding history | ||||||
| Major bleeding | 964 (7.1%) | 2180 (4.7%) | 0.10 | 94 (5.3%) | 247 (4.4%) | 0.04 |
| GI bleeding | 2758 (20.4%) | 5721 (12.3%) | 0.22 | 305 (17.3%) | 734 (13.2%) | 0.11 |
| ICH | 200 (1.5%) | 548 (1.2%) | 0.03 | 22 (1.2%) | 56 (1.0%) | 0.02 |
| Anemia | 506 (3.7%) | 608 (1.3%) | 0.16 | 49 (2.8%) | 73 (1.3%) | 0.10 |
| Hospital level | ||||||
| Medical center (teaching hospital) | 6454 (47.8%) | 23,883 (51.1%) | − 0.07 | 1185 (67.3%) | 3762 (67.6%) | − 0.01 |
| Regional/district hospital | 7060 (52.2%) | 22,810 (48.9%) | 0.07 | 577 (32.7%) | 1803 (32.4%) | 0.01 |
| Type of CABG | ||||||
| On pump | – | – | – | 1447 (82.1%) | 4577 (82.2%) | < 0.01 |
| Off pump | – | – | – | 315 (17.9%) | 988 (17.8%) | < 0.01 |
| Endarterectomy | 79 (4.5%) | 274 (4.9%) | − 0.02 | |||
| Concomitant valve surgery | – | – | – | 136 (7.7%) | 316 (5.7%) | 0.08 |
| Valve location and type | ||||||
| Aortic valve replacement | – | – | – | 48 (2.7%) | 131 (2.4%) | 0.02 |
| Mitral valve repair | – | – | – | 30 (1.7%) | 80 (1.4%) | 0.02 |
| Mitral valve replacement | – | – | – | 60 (3.4%) | 123 (2.2%) | 0.07 |
| Details of coronary stenting | ||||||
| Type of stent | ||||||
| BMS | 10,076 (74.6%) | 34,400 (73.7%) | 0.02 | – | – | – |
| DES | 3438 (25.4%) | 12,293 (26.3%) | − 0.02 | – | – | – |
| Number of stenting | 1.03 ± 0.17 | 1.03 ± 0.16 | 0.03 | – | – | – |
| Number of intervened/grafted vessels | ||||||
| 1 | 10,118 (74.9%) | 37,482 (80.3%) | − 0.13 | 134 (7.6%) | 298 (5.4%) | 0.09 |
| 2 | 2984 (22.1%) | 8201 (17.6%) | 0.11 | 339 (19.2%) | 911 (16.4%) | 0.08 |
| 3 | 412 (3.0%) | 1010 (2.2%) | 0.06 | 1289 (73.2%) | 4356 (78.3%) | − 0.12 |
| Antiplatelet therapy at discharge | ||||||
| Aspirin | 9675 (71.6%) | 38,780 (83.1%) | − 0.28 | 665 (37.7%) | 2597 (46.7%) | − 0.18 |
| Clopidogrel/ticlopidine | 11,027 (81.6%) | 41,574 (89.0%) | − 0.21 | 425 (24.1%) | 1496 (26.9%) | − 0.06 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | ||||||
| Single | 4089 (30.3%) | 8675 (18.6%) | 0.27 | 1686 (95.7%) | 5204 (93.5%) | 0.10 |
| Dual | 9425 (69.7%) | 38,018 (81.4%) | − 0.27 | 76 (4.3%) | 361 (6.5%) | − 0.10 |
| Other medications at discharge | ||||||
| Statin | 6357 (47.0%) | 26,159 (56.0%) | − 0.18 | 431 (24.5%) | 1447 (26.0%) | − 0.04 |
| Beta-blocker | 6909 (51.1%) | 26,955 (57.7%) | − 0.13 | 563 (32.0%) | 1934 (34.8%) | − 0.06 |
| ACEI/ARB | 7683 (56.9%) | 28,702 (61.5%) | − 0.09 | 528 (30.0%) | 1492 (26.8%) | 0.07 |
| OAC drugs | 203 (1.5%) | 792 (1.7%) | − 0.02 | 59 (3.3%) | 251 (4.5%) | − 0.06 |
| OHA drugs | 4457 (33.0%) | 10,819 (23.2%) | 0.22 | 604 (34.3%) | 1557 (28.0%) | 0.14 |
| Insulin | 1333 (9.9%) | 1753 (3.8%) | 0.24 | 283 (16.1%) | 437 (7.9%) | 0.26 |
| PPI | 901 (6.7%) | 2233 (4.8%) | 0.08 | 111 (6.3%) | 299 (5.4%) | 0.04 |
| NSAID | 2763 (20.4%) | 9253 (19.8%) | 0.02 | 284 (16.1%) | 1029 (18.5%) | − 0.06 |
| Follow-up (years) | 2.8 ± 2.7 | 3.4 ± 2.8 | − 0.21 | 3.2 ± 3.4 | 3.8 ± 3.6 | − 0.16 |
Data were given as frequency (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, STD standardized difference, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GI gastrointestinal, ICH intracranial haemorrhage, BMS bare metal stent, DES drug-eluting stent, ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, OAC oral anticoagulants, OHA oral hypoglycemic agent, PPI proton pump inhibitor