Characteristic	Reference
Individual
Age	North BJ, Sinclair DA. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2012;110(8):1097–108.
Gender	Rodgers JL, Jones J, Bolleddu SI, Vanthenapalli S, Rodgers LE, Shah K, et al. Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019;6(2):19.
Race	Bell CN, Thorpe RJ Jr, Bowie JV, LaVeist TA. Race disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors within socioeconomic status strata. Ann Epidemiol 2018;28(3):147–52.
Marital status	Wong CW, Kwok CS, Narain A, Gulati M, Mihalidou AS, Wu P, et al. Marital status and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2018;104(23):1937–48.
Region of residence	Tabb LP, Ortiz A, Judd S, Cushman M, McClure LA. Exploring the spatial patterning in racial differences in cardiovascular health between Blacks and Whites across the United States: the REGARDS study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020;9(9):e016556.
Educational attainment	Hamad R, Nguyen TT, Bhattacharya J, Glymour MM, Rehkopf DH. Educational attainment and cardiovascular disease in the United States: a quasi-experimental instrumental variables analysis. PLoS Med 2019;16(6):e1002834.
Income	Odutayo A, Gill P, Shepherd S, Akingbade A, Hopewell S, Tennankore K, et al. Income disparities in absolute cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors in the United States, 1999–2014. JAMA Cardiol 2017;2(7):782–90.
Health insurance status	Pancholy S, Patel G, Pancholy M, Nanavaty S, Coppola J, Kwan T, et al. Association between health insurance status and in-hospital outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2017;120(7):1049–54.
Usual source of care	Spatz ES, Ross JS, Desai MM, Canavan ME, Krumholz HM. Beyond insurance coverage: usual source of care in the treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am Heart J 2010;160(1):115–21.
Smoking status	Tonstad S, Johnston JA. Cardiovascular risks associated with smoking: a review for clinicians. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13(4):507–14.
Diabetes diagnosis	Resnick HE, Howard BV. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Annu Rev Med 2002;53(1):245–67.
Hypertension diagnosis	Sowers JR, Epstein M, Frohlich ED. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: an update. Hypertension 2001;37(4):1053–9.
Lipid disorder diagnosis	Michos ED, McEvoy JW, Blumenthal RS. Lipid management for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2019;381(16):1557–67.
Ecologic
Primary care physician supply	Gaglioti AH, Petterson S, Bazemore A, Phillips R. Access to primary care in US counties is associated with lower obesity rates. J Am Board Fam Med 2016;29(2):182–90.
Neighborhood poverty	Topel ML, Kim JH, Mujahid MS, Sullivan SM, Ko YA, Vaccarino V, et al. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2019;123(2):284–90.
Area segregation	Kershaw KN, Albrecht SS. Racial/ethnic residential segregation and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2015;9(3):10.