Drug or drug regimen and duration	Status	Acronym	Patient population	Refs or trial number
Isoniazid alone for 6 or 9 months, or an isoniazid–rifamycin combination for 2 or 3 months	Recommended by WHO and CDC; considered equivalent though not compared directly in clinical trials	–	Individuals with diagnosed LTBI at risk of reactivation in endemic countries, all individuals with diagnosed LTBI in the USA	32–34
Rifampicin for 4 months	Recommended by the American Thoracic Society in 2000; higher completion rate than and comparable safety to 9-month isoniazid	–	Children diagnosed with LTBI	194
Various second-line drugs and duration	Evaluated in observational studies	–	Household contacts (children and/or adults) of patients infected with MDR M. tuberculosis	195
Levofloxacin versus placebo control for 6 months	Placebo-controlled trial	TB-CHAMP	Children household contacts of patients infected with MDR M. tuberculosis	36
Levofloxacin versus placebo for 6 months	Placebo-controlled trial	VQUIN MDR	Household contacts of all ages of individuals who are infected with rifampicin-resistant or MDR M. tuberculosis	38
Delamanid versus isoniazid for 6 months	Placebo-controlled trial	PHOENIx MDR-TB	High risk (individuals positive for HIV-1 or individuals without HIV-1 positivity that are immunosuppressed, and children under 5 years old) household contacts of individuals who are infected with MDR M. tuberculosis	NCT03568383