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. 2022 Apr 13;14:816443. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.816443

TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of 9,028 included participants according to nut consumption.

Variables Total (N = 9028) Nut consumption
p-value
None or not weekly (N = 7297) <70 g/week (N = 367) ≥70 g/week (N = 1364)
Age (years, Mean ± SD) 68.7 ± 7.0 69.0 ± 7.1 67.4 ± 6.5 67.2 ± 6.1 <0.01
Gender (N, %) <0.01
Male 4441 (49.2) 3527 (48.3) 174 (47.4) 740 (54.3)
Female 4587 (50.8) 3770 (51.7) 193 (52.6) 624 (45.7)
Race (N, %)
Han ethnicity 8777 (97.2) 7086 (97.1) 364 (99.2) 1327 (97.3) 0.06
Minority 251 (2.8) 211 (2.9) 3 (0.8) 37 (2.7)
Education level (N, %) <0.01
Lower than primary 4176 (46.3) 3588 (49.2) 127 (34.6) 461 (33.8)
Primary 4018 (44.5) 3101 (42.5) 206 (56.1) 711 (52.2)
Junior middle 707 (7.8) 516 (7.1) 27 (7.4) 164 (12.0)
Senior middle 110 (1.2) 84 (1.2) 6 (1.6) 20 (1.5)
College and above 14 (0.2) 7 (0.1) 1 (0.3) 6 (0.4)
Marital status (N, %) <0.01
Single 133 (1.5) 113 (1.6) 7 (1.9) 13 (1.0)
Married 7064 (78.4) 5596 (76.9) 311 (84.7) 1157 (84.9)
Divorced/widowed 1810 (20.1) 1569 (21.6) 49 (13.4) 192 (14.1)
Family income (N, %) <0.01
≤10,000 CNY/year 2918 (32.4) 2383 (32.7) 100 (27.2) 435 (31.9)
10,001–20,000 CNY/year 1784 (19.8) 1403 (19.2) 107 (29.2) 274 (20.1)
20,001–50,000 CNY/year 2302 (25.5) 1768 (24.3) 103 (28.1) 431 (31.6)
50,001–100,000 CNY/year 1140 (12.6) 933 (12.8) 47 (12.8) 160 (11.7)
>100,000 CNY/year 874 (9.7) 802 (11.0) 10 (2.7) 62 (4.6)
BMI (N, %) <0.01
<18.5 kg/m2 467 (5.2) 393 (5.4) 18 (5.0) 56 (4.1)
18.5∼ < 24 kg/m2 4915 (54.7) 4044 (55.7) 186 (51.4) 685 (50.7)
≥24 kg/m2 3597 (40.1) 2828 (38.9) 158 (43.6) 611 (45.2)
Hypertension (Presence, N, %) 3966 (43.9) 3242 (44.4) 140 (38.1) 584 (42.8) 0.04
Diabetes (Presence, N, %) 810 (9.0) 647 (8.9) 33 (9.0) 130 (9.5) 0.73
CHD (Presence, N, %) 287 (3.2) 213 (2.9) 16 (4.4) 58 (4.3) 0.02
Smoking (N, %) <0.01
Never 6228 (69.0) 5107 (70.0) 251 (68.4) 870 (63.8)
Past 1898 (21.0) 1483 (20.3) 89 (24.3) 326 (23.9)
Current 902 (10.0) 707 (9.7) 27 (7.4) 168 (12.3)
Alcohol drinking (N, %) <0.01
Never 2431 (26.9) 1861 (25.5) 108 (29.4) 462 (33.9)
Past 726 (8.0) 593 (8.1) 22 (6.0) 111 (8.1)
Current 5871 (65.0) 4843 (66.4) 237 (64.6) 791 (58.0)
Exercise (yes, N, %) 1829 (20.3) 1358 (18.6) 87 (23.7) 384 (28.2) <0.01
Tea drinking (yes, N, %) 2282 (25.3) 1749 (24.0) 116 (31.6) 417 (30.6) <0.01
Vegetables intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) 6.5 ± 1.2 6.4 ± 1.3 6.3 ± 1.4 6.7 ± 1.0 <0.01
Fruits intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) 2.4 ± 2.2 2.2 ± 2.2 2.7 ± 2.3 3.0 ± 2.3 <0.01
Red meat intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) 2.8 ± 2.2 2.8 ± 2.2 3.0 ± 2.0 3.3 ± 2.2 <0.01
Fish intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) 2.4 ± 2.3 2.4 ± 2.4 2.0 ± 1.7 2.5 ± 2.3 <0.01
Eggs intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) 1.9 ± 2.0 1.8 ± 2.0 1.9 ± 1.6 2.2 ± 2.0 <0.01
PHQ-9 scores (Mean ± SD) 1.4 ± 2.4 1.4 ± 2.5 1.3 ± 2.5 1.4 ± 2.3 0.20

Data for the following are missing: 3 for education level, 21 for marital status, 10 for family income, 49 for BMI, 2 for fruit intake, 4 for fish intake, 1 for eggs intake. BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CNY, Chinese Yuan; d/week, days per week; g/week, grams per week; SD, standard deviation; PHQ-9, patient health questionnaire-9 scale.

The bold values mean “P < 0.05”.

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