TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of 9,028 included participants according to nut consumption.
| Variables | Total (N = 9028) | Nut consumption |
p-value | ||
| None or not weekly (N = 7297) | <70 g/week (N = 367) | ≥70 g/week (N = 1364) | |||
| Age (years, Mean ± SD) | 68.7 ± 7.0 | 69.0 ± 7.1 | 67.4 ± 6.5 | 67.2 ± 6.1 | <0.01 |
| Gender (N, %) | <0.01 | ||||
| Male | 4441 (49.2) | 3527 (48.3) | 174 (47.4) | 740 (54.3) | |
| Female | 4587 (50.8) | 3770 (51.7) | 193 (52.6) | 624 (45.7) | |
| Race (N, %) | |||||
| Han ethnicity | 8777 (97.2) | 7086 (97.1) | 364 (99.2) | 1327 (97.3) | 0.06 |
| Minority | 251 (2.8) | 211 (2.9) | 3 (0.8) | 37 (2.7) | |
| Education level (N, %) | <0.01 | ||||
| Lower than primary | 4176 (46.3) | 3588 (49.2) | 127 (34.6) | 461 (33.8) | |
| Primary | 4018 (44.5) | 3101 (42.5) | 206 (56.1) | 711 (52.2) | |
| Junior middle | 707 (7.8) | 516 (7.1) | 27 (7.4) | 164 (12.0) | |
| Senior middle | 110 (1.2) | 84 (1.2) | 6 (1.6) | 20 (1.5) | |
| College and above | 14 (0.2) | 7 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 6 (0.4) | |
| Marital status (N, %) | <0.01 | ||||
| Single | 133 (1.5) | 113 (1.6) | 7 (1.9) | 13 (1.0) | |
| Married | 7064 (78.4) | 5596 (76.9) | 311 (84.7) | 1157 (84.9) | |
| Divorced/widowed | 1810 (20.1) | 1569 (21.6) | 49 (13.4) | 192 (14.1) | |
| Family income (N, %) | <0.01 | ||||
| ≤10,000 CNY/year | 2918 (32.4) | 2383 (32.7) | 100 (27.2) | 435 (31.9) | |
| 10,001–20,000 CNY/year | 1784 (19.8) | 1403 (19.2) | 107 (29.2) | 274 (20.1) | |
| 20,001–50,000 CNY/year | 2302 (25.5) | 1768 (24.3) | 103 (28.1) | 431 (31.6) | |
| 50,001–100,000 CNY/year | 1140 (12.6) | 933 (12.8) | 47 (12.8) | 160 (11.7) | |
| >100,000 CNY/year | 874 (9.7) | 802 (11.0) | 10 (2.7) | 62 (4.6) | |
| BMI (N, %) | <0.01 | ||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 467 (5.2) | 393 (5.4) | 18 (5.0) | 56 (4.1) | |
| 18.5∼ < 24 kg/m2 | 4915 (54.7) | 4044 (55.7) | 186 (51.4) | 685 (50.7) | |
| ≥24 kg/m2 | 3597 (40.1) | 2828 (38.9) | 158 (43.6) | 611 (45.2) | |
| Hypertension (Presence, N, %) | 3966 (43.9) | 3242 (44.4) | 140 (38.1) | 584 (42.8) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes (Presence, N, %) | 810 (9.0) | 647 (8.9) | 33 (9.0) | 130 (9.5) | 0.73 |
| CHD (Presence, N, %) | 287 (3.2) | 213 (2.9) | 16 (4.4) | 58 (4.3) | 0.02 |
| Smoking (N, %) | <0.01 | ||||
| Never | 6228 (69.0) | 5107 (70.0) | 251 (68.4) | 870 (63.8) | |
| Past | 1898 (21.0) | 1483 (20.3) | 89 (24.3) | 326 (23.9) | |
| Current | 902 (10.0) | 707 (9.7) | 27 (7.4) | 168 (12.3) | |
| Alcohol drinking (N, %) | <0.01 | ||||
| Never | 2431 (26.9) | 1861 (25.5) | 108 (29.4) | 462 (33.9) | |
| Past | 726 (8.0) | 593 (8.1) | 22 (6.0) | 111 (8.1) | |
| Current | 5871 (65.0) | 4843 (66.4) | 237 (64.6) | 791 (58.0) | |
| Exercise (yes, N, %) | 1829 (20.3) | 1358 (18.6) | 87 (23.7) | 384 (28.2) | <0.01 |
| Tea drinking (yes, N, %) | 2282 (25.3) | 1749 (24.0) | 116 (31.6) | 417 (30.6) | <0.01 |
| Vegetables intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 6.3 ± 1.4 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | <0.01 |
| Fruits intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) | 2.4 ± 2.2 | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | <0.01 |
| Red meat intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) | 2.8 ± 2.2 | 2.8 ± 2.2 | 3.0 ± 2.0 | 3.3 ± 2.2 | <0.01 |
| Fish intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 2.4 ± 2.4 | 2.0 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 2.3 | <0.01 |
| Eggs intake (d/week, Mean ± SD) | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 1.8 ± 2.0 | 1.9 ± 1.6 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | <0.01 |
| PHQ-9 scores (Mean ± SD) | 1.4 ± 2.4 | 1.4 ± 2.5 | 1.3 ± 2.5 | 1.4 ± 2.3 | 0.20 |
Data for the following are missing: 3 for education level, 21 for marital status, 10 for family income, 49 for BMI, 2 for fruit intake, 4 for fish intake, 1 for eggs intake. BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CNY, Chinese Yuan; d/week, days per week; g/week, grams per week; SD, standard deviation; PHQ-9, patient health questionnaire-9 scale.
The bold values mean “P < 0.05”.