TABLE 1.

Binding affinity (Kcal/mole) scores of olive leaf compounds against several targets in SARS-CoV-2.

Compound name	Mpro/3CLpro	Plpro	ACE2	RBD	TLRs	NSP15	HSPA5 SBDβ	TMPRSS2	S protein	Furin	References
Oleuropein	−7.83										Khaerunnisa et al. (2020); Vijayan and Gourinath (2020)
Hydroxytyrosol			−6.54				−5.20	−6.87			Khaerunnisa et al. (2020); Vijayan and Gourinath (2020)
Oleanolic acid	−7.8										Sampangi-Ramaiah et al. (2020)
Maslinic acid			−10.2	−9.3							Vardhan and Sahoo (2020)
Ursolic acid	−8.9										Vardhan and Sahoo (2020)
Rutin	−8.67				−5.29: −9.58						Hu et al. (2020)
Luteolin	−8.2	−7.1	−10.1								Yu et al. (2020a)
Luteolin-7-O-glucoside	−8.47										Khaerunnisa et al. (2020)
Quercetin	−6.25	−4.62									Derosa et al. (2020)
Kaempferol	−6.4										Khan et al. (2021)
Verbascoside	−11.721	−14.041									Shawky et al. (2020)
Caffeic acid	−4.387						−6.3				Elfiky (2020); Hashem (2020)
Gallic acid			−5.244						−4.808	−7.486	Suručić et al. (2020)
Chlorogenic acid			Combines with ACE2 Gln42/Asp38 in the form of hydrogen bonds				−6.8				Yu et al. (2020b); Elfiky (2020)
Ellagic acid			−6.854					−6.829	−6.114	−7.801	Suručić et al. (2020); M. Mostafa et al. (2022)
Epicatechin			−8.9						−10.5		Jena et al. (2020)