FIG 4.

VdHP1 plays an important role in osmotic stress resistance in V. dahliae. (A) Phenotypes of the WT, ΔVdHP1, and C-ΔVdHP1 strains grown on PDA supplemented with 0.4 M NaCl, 0.8 M KCl, 1.2 M sorbitol, 50 mg/mL Congo red (CR) and treated by UV 10 s for 15 days. Scale bar = 1 cm. (B) Bar charts show relative growth inhibition rate of strains in (A). (C) The conidia of WT and mutant strains conidia after heat shock at 45°C for 1 h followed by plating on PDA after 22 h at 25°C. (D) The conidia germination percent of WT and mutants in (C). Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicates, determined in multivariate analysis of variance comparison with the WT. Values represent means standard deviation of three replicates. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.