TABLE 1.
Chemical composition of four artificial human sweat formulations, and their respective concentrations, as reported in the literature for in vitro testinga
| Composition | Concn. (M) in sweat |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ib | IIc | IIId | IVe | |
| Salt stock solution | ||||
| Primary electrolytes | ||||
| Sodium chloride | 3.1 × 10−2 | 1.08 × 10−1 | 3.9 × 10−1 | |
| Potassium hydrogen carbonate | 2.6 × 10−3 | 2.6 × 10−3 | ||
| Sodium phosphate anhydrous monobasic | 3.93 × 10−5 | 3.93 × 10−5 | ||
| Calcium sulphate | 9.71 × 10−4 | 9.71 × 10−4 | ||
| Nitrogenous substances | ||||
| Urea | 1 × 10−2 | 2.64 × 10−2 | 1.25 × 10−05 | 4.6 × 10−2 |
| Ionic constituents | ||||
| Lactic acid | 1.40 × 10−2 | 1.93 × 10−2 | 3.50 × 10−05 | 5 × 10−2 |
| D(+)-glucose | 1.70 × 10−4 | 1.54 × 10−3 | 1.94 × 10−05 | 2.2 × 10−3 |
| Pyruvate | 6.34 × 10−4 | 9.10 × 10−4 | 9.10 × 10−4 | |
| Amino acid stock solution | 1.11 × 10−5 | |||
| Serine | 5.31 × 10−3 | 2.17 × 10−3 | ||
| Alanine | 3.60 × 10−4 | 5.56 × 10−3 | 5.31 × 10−3 | |
| Glycine | 3.90 × 10−4 | 7.48 × 10−3 | 5.56 × 10−3 | |
a
Sweats I to III are supported by in situ human sweat samples; sweat IV was developed by the author, optimized through prior planktonic culture growth assessments, and based on the median values presented within the literature (data not shown). pH was adjusted using NaOH or HCl to a range of 6.5 to 7.2 (75).
b
According to Stefaniak and Harvey (45).
c
According to Callewaert (46).
d
According to Cadd et al. (47).
e
Developed by author.