Wild-type (WT) human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs), CD40 knockout (KO) HVECs, and CD40-complemented (CO) HVECs treated for 6 h in triplicate with various dilutions of group B streptococci (MNSI) and a single dose of S. epidermidis, two Enterococcus faecalis strains (NVF, normal vaginal flora; TSS, toxic shock syndrome), and a strain of L. crispatus. Left panel shows IL-8 ± standard deviations. Right panel shows percent wild type of HVEC CD40 knockout cells (KO) and CD40-complemented HVEC knockout cells (CO) treated with the dose of optimal strain that gave the peak IL-8 response by wild-type cells.