Survival rate assay of AB5116, yiaD deletion mutant, and complementary strain when cells were challenged with 1 ×, 2 ×, and 4 × MIC of MEM. (A) Overnight cultured bacterial cells were diluted to 10−4, and 100 μL of each dilution was spread on LB plates supplemented with different concentrations of MEM. Bacteria grown on plates without added antibiotics were used as controls. Plates were incubated overnight at 37°C, after which the results for the 10−4 dilution were recorded. (B) The number of colonies on each plate was counted. Survival rate was calculated by dividing the CFU/mL on the MEM plate by that on the control plate. The experiment was repeated in triplicate, and the results shown are the means ± SD. ***, P < 0.001.