Table 3. Factors associated with quality of working life among night-shift healthcare workers: Linear regression models with full-scale WRQoL score as the outcome (n = 1,387, ALADDIN survey, Paris public hospitals).
| Univariable models | Multivariable model (n = 1,124) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Coefficient | [95% CI] | p-value | Adjusted coefficient | [95% CI] | p-value |
| SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||
| Matrimonial status | ||||||
| • single | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||
| • in cohabitation | 0.51 | [-1.55; 2.56] | 0.627 | 1.03 | [-0.68; 2.74] | 0.238 |
| • in civil partnership or married | 1.17 | [-0.54; 2.87] | 0.181 | 0.18 | [-1.32; 1.68] | 0.814 |
| • widow or widower | 3.37 | [0.97; 5.76] | 0.006 | 2.45 | [0.09; 4.81] | 0.042 |
| Perceived financial status | ||||||
| • Feels financially comfortable/it’s okay | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||
| • Has to be careful | -3.58 | [-5.09; -2.07] | <0.001 | -2.07 | [-3.49; -0.65] | 0.004 |
| • Faces financial difficulties | -6.65 | [-9.05; -4.26] | <0.001 | -4.87 | [-7.17; -2.58] | <0.001 |
| WORK-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||
| Professional category | ||||||
| • Nurses | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||
| • Assistant nurses or technicians | 2.08 | [0.52; 3.63] | 0.009 | 1.93 | [0.50; 3.37] | 0.008 |
| • Midwives | 0.53 | [-3.99; 5.05] | 0.819 | 0.13 | [-4.06; 4.33] | 0.950 |
| • Executives | 3.38 | [-0.21; 6.98] | 0.065 | 1.68 | [-1.18; 4.54] | 0.250 |
| • Other categories | 1.30 | [-3.68; 6.27] | 0.609 | 0.62 | [-3.36; 4.60] | 0.760 |
| Type of position | ||||||
| • Permanent night position | ref | ref | ||||
| • Replacement (“pool”) | -2.70 | [-7.01; 1.62] | 0.220 | -2.33 | [-5.28; 0.63] | 0.123 |
| • Position with day/night alternation | -0.32 | [-2.02; 1.38] | 0.709 | -1.87 | [-4.10; 0.36] | 0.100 |
| • New night-shift position during the COVID pandemic | -13.43 | [-25.37; -1.50] | 0.027 | -12.56 | [-23.81; -1.31] | 0.029 |
| • Other | -0.02 | [-5.07; 5.04] | 0.995 | -0.37 | [-4.76; 4.02] | 0.869 |
| Hospital unit | ||||||
| • Surgery | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||
| • Geriatrics/Rehabilitation | 4.96 | [1.79; 8.12] | 0.002 | 2.92 | [0.22; 5.63] | 0.034 |
| • Internal medicine/Infectiology/Cardiology/Pneumology | 0.82 | [-2.27; 3.92] | 0.602 | 1.03 | [-1.71; 3.76] | 0.461 |
| • Neurology/Nephrology/Oncology/Endocrinology | 2.00 | [-1.22; 5.21] | 0.224 | 1.80 | [-1.07; 4.67] | 0.218 |
| • Pediatrics | 2.89 | [0.20; 5.58] | 0.035 | 1.33 | [-0.99; 3.65] | 0.262 |
| • Resuscitation | 2.24 | [0.04; 4.43] | 0.046 | 3.00 | [0.89; 5.11] | 0.005 |
| • Emergency | 1.09 | [-2.14;4.32] | 0.508 | 1.48 | [-1.24; 4.21] | 0.286 |
| • Several units | 1.87 | [-0.21; 3.95] | 0.077 | 1.32 | [-0.66; 3.31] | 0.191 |
| HEALTH-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||
| Perceived health | ||||||
| • Bad or very bad | ref | ref | ref | ref | ||
| • Fair | 7.39 | [4.20; 10.57] | <0.001 | 4.98 | [2.20; 7.76] | <0.001 |
| • Good or excellent | 13.56 | [10.4; 16.72] | <0.001 | 8.80 | [5.99; 11.61] | <0.001 |
| Practice of any physical activity | 3.54 | [2.05; 5.03] | <0.001 | 1.33 | [0.08; 2.57] | 0.037 |
| History of sexual or moral harassment at work | -5.36 | [-7.36; -3.35] | <0.001 | -3.70 | [-5.42; -1.98] | <0.001 |
| WORK-RELATED PERCEPTIONS | ||||||
| Night-shift work is often or always under-estimated by colleagues working during the day 1 | -3.95 | [-5.57; -2.32] | <0.001 | -3.54 | [-5.01; -2.08] | <0.001 |
| Work rhythm is a source of tension with friends | -7.11 | [-9.08; -5.14] | <0.001 | -2.28 | [-4.14; -0.42] | 0.016 |
| Feels more irritable since works at night | -5.46 | [-6.92; -3.99] | <0.001 | -2.96 | [-4.34; -1.58] | <0.001 |
| WORK ORGANIZATION: CHANGES SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE COVID PANDEMIC | ||||||
| COVID-RELATED ITEMS | ||||||
| Satisfied of the information on COVID received from the employer 4 | 7.36 | [5.86; 8.85] | <0.001 | 4.67 | [3.26; 6.07] | <0.001 |
| Felt valued by the general population as a NSHW during the pandemic | 3.12 | [1.52; 4.71] | <0.001 | 1.41 | [0.13; 2.70] | 0.031 |
| Considers protective measures inadequate 5 | -5.28 | [-6.98; -3.57] | <0.001 | -2.09 | [-3.52; -0.65] | 0.004 |
| Faced difficulties in getting screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection 5 | -4.38 | [-5.89; -2.88] | <0.001 | -2.95 | [-4.25; -1.65] | <0.001 |
CI = confidence interval; WRQoL = work-related quality of life.
♦ This variable was not entered in the multivariable analysis due to a high rate of NSHW in the “not concerned” category.
1 The other possible answers to this item of the questionnaire included “never”, “rarely”, and “from time to time”.
2 Loved ones included partner, family, and friends.
3 “I totally agree” or “I agree” (versus “I totally disagree” or “I disagree”).
4 “The information on protective measures against COVID that I received from my employer were sufficient and complete.”
5 “I totally agree” or “I agree” (versus “I totally disagree”, “I disagree”, or “no interest”).