Table 1. Demographic and biochemical data for entire cohort .
| Total, | Discharged alive, | Died in ICU, | ||
| n(%)* | n(%)* | n(%)* | p-value | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 35 (25 - 53) | 31 (24 - 45) | 45 (29 - 62) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 137 (55.5) | 80 (53.0) | 57 (59.4) | 0.324 |
| Admitting discipline | 0.094 | |||
| Medicine | 96 (38.9) | 56 (37.1) | 40 (41.7) | |
| O & G | 26 (10.5) | 21 (13.9) | 5 (5.2) | |
| Surgery | 125 (50.6) | 74 (49.0) | 51 (53.1) | |
| Primary diagnosis | 0.106 | |||
| Infectious | 60 (24.3) | 30 (19.9) | 30 (31.3) | |
| Non-communicable | 128 (51.8) | 81 (53.6) | 47 (49.0) | |
| Trauma | 59 (23.9%) | 40 (26.5) | 19 (19.8) | |
| Sepsis on admission | 111 (44.9) | 56 (37.1) | 55 (57.3) | 0.002 |
| Shock on admission | 132 (53.4) | 65 (43.0) | 67 (69.8) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative | 125 (50.6) | 82 (54.3) | 43 (44.8) | 0.145 |
|
Admission albumin (g/L),
median (IQR) |
21 (16.0 - 28.0) | 23 (17.0 - 29.0) | 18 (15.0 - 28.0) | 0.005 |
| Admission hypoalbuminaemia | 231 (93.9%) | 139 (92.7%) | 92 (95.8) | 0.311 |
|
Admission chloride (mmol/L),
median (IQR) |
106 (102.0 - 110.0) | 106 (102.0 - 110.0) | 105 (102.0 - 109.0) | 0.438 |
| Admission chloride category | 0.953 | |||
| Normal | 125 (50.6) | 77 (51.0) | 48 (50.0) | |
| Hypochroraemia | 19 (7.7) | 11 (7.3) | 8 (8.3) | |
| Hyperchloraemia | 103 (41.7) | 63 (41.7) | 40 (41.7) | |
|
Admission sodium (mmol/L),
median (IQR) |
138 (135.0 - 141.0) | 138 (135.0 - 140.0) | 139 (135.0 - 141.0) | 0.149 |
| Admission sodium category | 0.207 | |||
| Normal | 155 (62.8) | 96 (63.6) | 59 (61.5) | |
| Hyponatraemia | 75 (30.4) | 48 (31.8) | 27 (28.1) | |
| Hypernatraemia | 17 (6.9) | 7 (4.6) | 10 (10.4) | |
|
Admission base excess (mmol/L),
median (IQR) |
–5.1 (–9.30 - 0.50) | –4.5 (–8.70 - 1.00) | –6.3 (–10.70 -0.10) | 0.072 |
| Admission base excess category | 0.347 | |||
| Normal | 45 (18.4) | 28 (18.9) | 17 (17.7) | |
| Metabolic acidosis | 156 (63.9) | 90 (60.8) | 66 (68.8) | |
| Metabolic alkalosis | 43 (17.6) | 30 (20.3) | 13 (13.5) | |
|
Admission pH,
median (IQR) |
7.31 (7.21 - 7.39) | 7.34 (7.24 - 7.40) | 7.25 (7.15 - 7.37) | <0.001 |
| Admission pH | 0.015 | |||
| Normal | 74 (30.3) | 53 (35.8) | 21 (21.9) | |
| Acidaemia | 148 (60.7) | 79 (53.4) | 69 (71.9) | |
| Alkalaemia | 22 (9.0) | 16 (10.8) | 6 (6.3) | |
|
Admission lactate (mmol/L),
median (IQR) |
2.6 (1.40 - 5.50) | 2.2 (1.10 - 4.50) | 3 (1.80 - 6.60) | 0.001 |
| Admission hyperlactataemia | 147 (61.0%) | 80 (54.8) | 67 (70.5) | 0.014 |
|
Admission creatinine (μmol/mL),
median (IQR) |
106 (73.0 - 155.0) | 90 (66.0 - 128.0) | 122 (89.0 - 180.0) | <0.001 |
| AKI on admission | 121 (49.0%) | 58 (38.4) | 63 (65.6) | <0.001 |
ICU = intensive care unit
IQR = interquartile range
O&G = obstetrics and gynaecology
AKI = acute kidney injury
* Unless otherwise specified