Table 2. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy among those not yet vaccinated.
Coefficients are odds ratios (95% CI) based on logistic regressions. Standard errors are clustered at the regional level. Outcome is an indicator variable for vaccine hesitancy, which is equal to 1 if participants reported being either unsure whether they would get vaccinated or certain that they would not and 0 otherwise. We included the experimental group as an additional control to adjust for the possible impact of the information treatments messages on vaccine hesitancy (coefficient not shown here).
| Bulgaria | France | Germany | Italy | Poland | Spain | Sweden |
United
Kingdom |
|
| Female | 1.37* (1.03–1.81) |
1.44** (1.12–1.85) |
1.29* (1.03–1.61) |
1.43* (1.03–1.98) |
1.24 (0.97–1.58) |
0.90 (0.57–1.43) |
1.04 (0.69–1.58) |
1.42** (1.09–1.86) |
| Age group | 0.98 (0.87–1.12) |
1.18*** (1.08–1.29) |
0.80*** (0.75–0.85) |
1.52*** (1.30–1.79) |
1.12** (1.02–1.24) |
1.48** (1.16–1.87) |
1.67*** (1.52–1.83) |
1.67*** (1.45–1.94) |
| Education | 0.76* (0.60–0.96) |
0.88 (0.72–1.07) |
0.69*** (0.61–0.78) |
0.74** (0.60–0.90) |
0.91 (0.74–1.12) |
0.84 (0.61–1.15) |
0.80*** (0.70–0.91) |
0.75*** (0.64–0.87) |
| Employment | 0.83 (0.58–1.19) |
0.97 (0.65–1.44) |
1.05 (0.92–1.21) |
0.90 (0.67–1.22) |
1.21 (0.92–1.58) |
0.56** (0.38–0.83) |
0.62*** (0.50–0.78) |
0.92 (0.65–1.29) |
| N | 1069 | 1101 | 2285 | 1087 | 1098 | 1102 | 1097 | 1205 |
*P < 0.05.
**P < 0.01.
***P < 0.001.