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. 2022 Apr 23;14:133–145. doi: 10.2147/ORR.S353582

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© 2022 Khalifa et al.

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Example flow chart showing how to select the most appropriate approach for femoral head fractures (FHFs) surgical management as per Pipkin classification (Type I: Fracture below fovea, Type II: Fracture above fovea, Type III: Type I or II with an associated femoral neck fracture, and Type IV: Type I or II with associated acetabular fracture). * The mentioned approaches could be used for either fragment fixation or excision, ** better to avoid a posterior approach to preserve the blood supply.

Abbreviations: ORIF, open reduction and internal fixation; THA, total hip arthroplasty.