Figure 2.

Alpha and beta diversity of microbiota in the oral cavity and sputum of patients with CD and healthy controls. (A–D) Chao diversity index of phylum and genus levels in the samples of oral cavity and sputum. (E–H) Shannon diversity index of phylum and genus levels in the samples of oral cavity and sputum. (I–N) Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) on the phylum and genus levels using the unweighted UniFrac distance and Adonis test. Red color represents samples from active stage, blue indicates remission stage, while green color indicates healthy controls. *, **, and *** correspond to p-values <0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively.