Table 19.

An anti-tyrosinase activity of stilbenes.

Substances	Source of compounds	Substrate	Positive control (inhibitor)	Type of inhibition	Inhibition constant $K_i$	Source of tyrosinase	The half-maximal inhibitory concentration ${\mathrm{IC}}_{50}$ (µM)	References
Pinosylvin	Gnetum cleistostachyum	L-tyrosine	Kojic acid	${\mathrm{Competitive}}^{\mathrm{ab}}$	NR	Mushroom	46.0	Likhitwitayawuid125
Resveratrol-4′-O-(6′’-galloyl)glucoside	Rheum officinale	L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid	${\mathrm{Competitive}}^{\mathrm{ab}}$	NR	Mushroom	${6.71}^{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{ }$ ${24.6}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Iida et al.129
Resveratrol-4-O-(6″-O-galloyl)glucoside		L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid	${\mathrm{Competitive}}^{\mathrm{ab}}$	NR	Mushroom	${14.7}^{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{ }$ ${82.3}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Iida et al.129
Mulberroside A	Morus alba	L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid, arbutin	${\mathrm{Competitive}}^{\mathrm{ab}}$	49.82a 124.764b	Mushroom	${53.6}^{\mathrm{a}}$	Kim et al.128
Oxyresveratrol		L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid, arbutin	Competitive – non-competitivea Non-competitiveb	1.093a 0.521b	Mushroom	${0.49}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${11.9}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Kim et al.128
Resveratrol	Veratrum patulum	L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Mushroom	43.5 123.3	Kim et al.127
Resveratrol	Dipterocarpaceae plants	L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	10.8	Ohguchi et al.131
Piceid	Veratrum patulum	L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Phenylthiourea	NR	NR	Mushroom	${>100}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${>\mathrm{ }500}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Kim et al.127
Piceid	Dipterocarpaceae plants		Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	71.3	Ohguchi et al.131
Pinostilben (3,5-Dihydroxy-4′- methoxystilbene)	Veratrum patulum	L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Mushroom	${86.8}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${187.9}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Kim et al.127
Pterostilbene (3,4′-Dimethoxy-5- hydroxystilbene)		L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Mushroom	${>100}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${398.3}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Kim et al.127
Rhaponticin		L-tyrosine L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Mushroom	${>100}^{\mathrm{a}}$ ${>500}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Kim et al.127
Chlorophorin	Chlorophora excelsa	L-DOPA	Kojic acid	Competitive	NR	Mushroom	1.3	Shimizu et al.130
Chlorophorin	Artocarpus incisus	L-tyrosine	Kojic acid	${\mathrm{Competitive}}^{\mathrm{b}}$	${>13.4}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Mushroom	0.26	Shimizu et al.130
4-Prenyloxyresveratrol		L-tyrosine	Kojic acid	${\mathrm{Competitive}}^{\mathrm{b}}$	${8.7}^{\mathrm{b}}$	Mushroom	0.66	Shimizu et al.130
4-[(2”E)-7”-Hydroxy-3”,7”-dimethyloct-2”- enyl]-2′,3,4′, 5-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene	Chlorophora excelsa	L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Mushroom	96.0	Shimizu et al.130
Gnetol	Gnetum gnemon	L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine		Ohguchi et al.126
Dihydrooxyresveratrol		L-tyrosine	Kojic acid	$\mathrm{Competitive}$		Mushroom	58.0	Shimizu et al.130
Vaticanol A	Dipterocarpaceae plants	L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	NR	Ohguchi et al.131
Vaticanol G		L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	NR	Ohguchi et al.131
α-Viniferin		L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	NR	Ohguchi et al.131
Vaticanol B		L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	NR	Ohguchi et al.131
Vaticanol C		L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	NR	Ohguchi et al.131
(−)-Hopeaphenol		L-DOPA	Kojic acid	NR	NR	Murine	NR	Ohguchi et al.131

^aL-tyrosine; ^bL-DOPA; NR: not reported.