Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Apr 18;4(4):458–475. doi: 10.1038/s42255-022-00558-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — a, Metabolic models of the central carbon metabolism of Fn (left) and HT-29 cells (right) in coculture versus monocultures. Biomass production was 0.20476 for Fn and 0.01 for HT-29. Flux constraints were set according to the metabolite secretion profiles of the HuMiX monoculture controls and pairwise interactions were calculated via FVA. Heatmap arrows show maximum flux changes (mmol dGW⁻¹ h⁻¹) of depicted reactions as predicted by FVA. Arrows at the cells’ boundaries represent intra-extracellular exchange reactions. Measured differentially abundant exometabolites in the respective HuMiX coculture chambers are shown as filled circles (blue, decreased; red, increased). Extracellular filled circles show unassigned metabolites. Coloured arrow borders show upregulated (red) or downregulated (blue) genes involved in the respective reaction fluxes, on the basis of RNA-seq data (refer to Fig. 2b). Dashed arrows show indirect connections between nodes. 2HB, 2-hydroxybutyrate; AC, acetate; ACAC, acetoacetate; ATMP, adenylthiomethyl-pentose; BUTOH, butanol; EAAT, excitatory amino acid transporters; GLYAC, glyceric acid; LAC, lactate; MCT, monocarboxylate transporters; NAcP, n-acetylputrescine; PAGN, phenylacetylglutamine; PGA, pyruglutamic acid; and bdhAB, butanol dehydrogenase. b, Core set of Fn-related metabolites. Venn diagram shows overlapping, differentially abundant metabolites in the Yachida dataset (purple), in HuMiX (yellow) and in the metabolic model (green). c, IPA network analysis of the gene-regulatory role of Fn core metabolites (red) in connection with host gene-regulatory nodes of stemness and invasion. d, KEGG orthology gene abundances of Fn-related genes identified by the model in patients with CRC with different fusobacterial load in stool samples. Two-tailed Spearman’s rho correlation testing was used. e, pfl in stool metagenomes of stage I/ II, Fn^high patients with CRC. n^Fn-no = 19, n^Fn-low = 34, n^Fn-high = 58 (NS, not significant, P = 0.0219 for Fn-no versus Fn-high; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s honestly significant differences test). *P < 0.05.

Source data