Table 3.
Effects of lockdown according to healthy or unhealthy lifestyle + Time*Group Interaction (all age-adjusted).
| Variable | Pre-test (M ± SD) | Post-test (M ± SD) | Adjusted by age |
Group * time interaction |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference post-pre (M ± SD) | p | 95% CI (Mpost-Mpre) | F | Sig | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | HL | 30.65 ± 4.64 | 30.73 ± 4.96 | 0.11 ± 0.26 | 0.682 | −0.42;0.63 | 1.008 | 0.328 |
| UL | 29.67 ± 4.57 | 30.05 ± 4.65 | 0.41 ± 0.16 | 0.015 | 0.09;0.73 | |||
| BP (mmHg) | HL | 96.22 ± 13.8 | 96.63 ± 12.82 | −1.19 ± 3.83 | 0.758 | −9.06;6.67 | 0.127 | 0.724 |
| UL | 97.95 ± 10.17 | 95.02 ± 10.88 | −2.8 ± 2.35 | 0.244 | −7.63;2.03 | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | HL | 129.78 ± 20.3 | 130.56 ± 16.71 | −2.03 ± 8.36 | 0.81 | −19.21;15.15 | 0.018 | 0.893 |
| UL | 133.48 ± 22.55 | 129.81 ± 21.49 | −3.37 ± 5.14 | 0.518 | −13.93;7.19 | |||
| DBP (mmHg) | HL | 79.44 ± 15.38 | 79.67 ± 16.02 | −0.77 ± 2.81 | 0.786 | −6.56;5.01 | 0.276 | 0.604 |
| UL | 80.19 ± 7.35 | 77.62 ± 8.05 | −2.52 ± 1.73 | 0.158 | −6.07;1.04 | |||
| PR (bpm) | HL | 68.56 ± 10.42 | 65.89 ± 8.96 | −2.03 ± 2.65 | 0.451 | −7.47;3.42 | 0.086 | 0.772 |
| UL | 69 ± 12.35 | 66.1 ± 12.28 | −2.94 ± 1.63 | 0.082 | −6.29;0.41 | |||
| Chol (mg/dL) | HL | 198.88 ± 33.69 | 200.33 ± 26.39 | −4.24 ± 6.87 | 0.542 | −18.35;9.87 | 2.013 | 0.168 |
| UL | 186.76 ± 27.81 | 193.71 ± 24.09 | 7.23 ± 4.22 | 0.098 | −1.44;15.91 | |||
| LDL (mg/dL) | HL | 105.12 ± 26.43 | 114.44 ± 16.44 | 6.37 ± 5.42 | 0.251 | −4.78;17.52 | 1.34 | 0.258 |
| UL | 100.52 ± 26.13 | 114 ± 22.28 | 13.76 ± 3.33 | <0.001 | 6.91;20.62 | |||
| HDL (mg/dL) | HL | 72.13 ± 15.39 | 67.56 ± 17.71 | −6.85 ± 3.04 | 0.033 | −13.11;-0.60 | 0.000 | 0.987 |
| UL | 63.9 ± 10.95 | 57.14 ± 9.16 | −6.91 ± 1.87 | 0.001 | −10.76;-3.07 | |||
| Trig (mg/dL) | HL | 108.25 ± 54.67 | 90.78 ± 29 | −19.94 ± 18.8 | 0.299 | −58.59;18.70 | 0.988 | 0.329 |
| UL | 111.67 ± 61.61 | 112.95 ± 45.22 | 2.07 ± 11.55 | 0.859 | −21.68;25.82 | |||
| LipidNonHDL (mg/dL) | HL | 126.75 ± 25.68 | 132.78 ± 18.55 | 2.61 ± 4.91 | 0.599 | −7.48;12.71 | 3.976 | 0.057 |
| UL | 122.86 ± 23.91 | 136.57 ± 21.04 | 14.15 ± 3.02 | <0.001 | 7.95;20.35 | |||
| Chol /HDL (mg/dL) | HL | 2.81 ± 0.51 | 3.1 ± 0.67 | 0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.012 | 0.07;0.52 | 2.913 | 0.1 |
| UL | 2.96 ± 0.49 | 3.46 ± 0.53 | 0.51 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.38;0.65 | |||
| Spine BMC (kg) | HL | 1.82 ± 0.25 | 1.82 ± 0.24 | −4.43 ± 16.82 | 0.794 | −39.00;30.14 | 0.496 | 0.488 |
| UL | 1.82 ± 0.28 | 1.83 ± 0.28 | 9.53 ± 10.34 | 0.365 | −11.72;30.77 | |||
| Spine BMD (g/cm2) | HL | 1.03 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.09 | −0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.934 | −0.02;0.01 | 0.013 | 0.909 |
| UL | 1.03 ± 0.08 | 1.03 ± 0.09 | −0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.722 | −0.01;0.01 | |||
| Femoral neck BMC (g) | HL | 3.21 ± 0.56 | 3.19 ± 0.57 | 0.01 ± 0.05 | 0.851 | −0.10;0.12 | 0.036 | 0.852 |
| UL | 3.11 ± 0.87 | 3.13 ± 0.88 | 0.02 ± 0.03 | 0.509 | −0.05;0.09 | |||
| Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | HL | 0.7 ± 0.08 | 0.69 ± 0.1 | −0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.252 | −0.03;0.01 | 0.219 | 0.644 |
| UL | 0.7 ± 0.11 | 0.68 ± 0.11 | −0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.009 | −0.03;-0.01 | |||
| FM/Height (%) | HL | 14.24 ± 3.21 | 14.48 ± 3.57 | 0.27 ± 0.18 | 0.152 | −0.10;0.64 | 0.816 | 0.375 |
| UL | 13.49 ± 3.45 | 13.94 ± 3.4 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | <0.001 | 0.23;0.69 | |||
| Lean mass/Height (kg/m2) | HL | 14.94 ± 1.63 | 14.9 ± 1.72 | −0.09 ± 0.14 | 0.506 | −0.38;0.19 | 0.346 | 0.561 |
| UL | 14.8 ± 1.36 | 14.78 ± 1.44 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.976 | −0.17;0.18 | |||
| Trunk FM (kg) | HL | 16.59 ± 4.66 | 17.05 ± 5.44 | 0.55 ± 0.35 | 0.127 | −0.17;1.27 | 0.007 | 0.934 |
| UL | 15.87 ± 4.02 | 16.39 ± 3.62 | 0.52 ± 0.22 | 0.024 | 0.08;0.96 | |||
| Trunk FM (%) | HL | 47.07 ± 3.47 | 47.93 ± 4.41 | 1.16 ± 0.51 | 0.032 | 0.11;2.22 | 0.039 | 0.844 |
| UL | 45.82 ± 5.5 | 46.92 ± 4.64 | 1.04 ± 0.32 | 0.003 | 0.39;1.69 | |||
| Total FM (kg) | HL | 33.91 ± 9.99 | 34.39 ± 10.58 | 0.56 ± 0.42 | 0.196 | −0.31;1.42 | 0.998 | 0.327 |
| UL | 32.13 ± 8.31 | 33.17 ± 8.15 | 1.05 ± 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.52;1.59 | |||
| Total FM (%) | HL | 47.14 ± 3.81 | 47.52 ± 4.34 | 0.51 ± 0.34 | 0.139 | −0.18;1.21 | 0.806 | 0.378 |
| UL | 45.85 ± 4.71 | 46.75 ± 4.3 | 0.87 ± 0.21 | <0.001 | 0.45;1.30 | |||
| HG (kg) | HL | 23.12 ± 5.36 | 22.35 ± 5.73 | −0.91 ± 0.62 | 0.157 | −2.18;0.37 | 0.021 | 0.886 |
| UL | 23.75 ± 5.92 | 22.97 ± 4.99 | −0.80 ± 0.38 | 0.046 | −1.59;-0.02 | |||
| IKE (Nm) | HL | 534.05 ± 148.7 | 246.51 ± 64.51 | −303.06 ± 41.90 | <0.001 | −389.19;-216.93 | 0.001 | 0.98 |
| UL | 554.01 ± 178.02 | 248.64 ± 72.25 | −304.29 ± 25.75 | <0.001 | −357.23;-251.36 | |||
Abbreviations: BMC = bone mineral content; BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; bpm = beats per minute; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FM = fat mass; HDL = high density lipoprotein; HG = Handgrip; HL = healthy lifestyle; IKE = Isometric knee extension strength; LDL = low density lipoprotein; MBP = mean blood pressure; mmHg = millimeters of mercury; Nm = newton meter; PR = pulse rate; SBP = systolic blood pressure; Chol = total cholesterol; Trig = triglycerides; UL = unhealthy lifestyle.