Table 2.
Sample distribution and prevalence of current e-cigarette use among adults aged ≥ 15 years in 14 countries, by demographic characteristics, 2015-2018.
| Bangladesh (2017) |
China (2018) |
Costa Rica (2015) |
Ethiopia (2016) |
India (2016-17) |
Mexico (2015) |
Philippines (2015) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | n (%)* | Prevalence†% (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence†% (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence†% (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence†% (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence†% (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence†% (95% CI) | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||||
| Men | 6,076 (48.6) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) (ref) | 9,101 (50.7) | 1.6 (1.2-2.1) (ref) | 3,541 (50.2) | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) (ref) | 4,625 (49.9) | 0.1 (0.03-0.3) (ref) | 33,760 (51.1) | 0.03 (0.02-0.06) (ref) | 5,911 (47.9) | 1.1 (0.7-1.6) (ref) | 5,764 (49.9) | 1.3 (1.0-1.9) (ref) | |||||
| Women | 6,702 (51.4) | –‡ | 10,259 (49.3) | 0.1 (0.1-0.4)§ | 5,062 (49.8) | 0.9 (0.6-1.5) | 5,522 (50.1) | 0.04 (0.01-0.3) | 40,244 (48.9) | 0.01 (0.002-0.02)§ | 8,747 (52.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4)§ | 5,848 (50.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4)§ | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 15-24 | 2,345 (28.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.5) (ref) | 930 (13.9) | 1.5 (0.8-2.8) (ref) | 1,376 (23.3) | 2.5 (1.6-3.9) (ref) | 2,750 (45.3) | 0.1 (0.02-0.2) (ref) | 13,321 (26.8) | 0.02 (0.01-0.07) (ref) | 2,645 (25.0) | 1.6 (1.0-2.5) (ref) | 2,331 (29.4) | 0.6 (0.3-1.2) (ref) | |||||
| 25-44 | 6,394 (44.1) | 0.4 (0.2-0.8) | 5,121 (37.8) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | 3,048 (40.9) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6)§ | 5,338 (36.1) | 0.1 (0.01-0.3) | 35,553 (41.3) | 0.02 (0.01-0.05) | 5,988 (40.2) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8)§ | 4,952 (41.7) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | |||||
| ≥45 | 4,039 (27.8) | 0.02 (0.01-0.08) | 13,309 (48.3) | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 4,179 (35.8) | 0.6 (0.4-1.1)§ | 2,059 (18.6) | 0.1 (0.01-0.6) | 25,130 (31.9) | 0.01 (0.005-0.04) | 6,025 (34.9) | 0.2 (0.1-0.5)§ | 4,329 (28.9) | 0.6 (0.3-1.0) | |||||
| Residential area | |||||||||||||||||||
| Urban | 6,352 (25.1) | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) (ref) | 11,010 (59.8) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) (ref) | 4,255 (74) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) (ref) | 5,062 (24.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.6) (ref) | 26,481 (34.5) | 0.05 (0.03-0.09) (ref) | 7,571 (78.7) | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) (ref) | 4,610 (46.7) | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) (ref) | |||||
| Rural | 6,426 (74.9) | 0.04 (0.02-0.10)§ | 8,350 (40.2) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 4,348 (26) | 0.6 (0.3-0.9)§ | 5,085 (75.9) | 0.02 (0.003-0.2) | 47,523 (65.5) | 0.01 (0.002-0.02)§ | 7,087 (21.3) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4)§ | 7,002 (53.3) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4)§ | |||||
| Education Level | |||||||||||||||||||
| No or primary | 9,916 (78.3) | 0.1 (0-0.2) (ref) | 8,622 (33.9) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) (ref) | 6,260 (65.7) | 1.3 (0.9-1.7) (ref) | 6,961 (72.7) | 0.1 (0.01-0.2) (ref) | 46,925 (63.8) | 0.01 (0.002-0.02) (ref) | 11,175 (68.1) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) (ref) | 3,692 (26.1) | 0.3 (0.2-0.7) (ref) | |||||
| Secondary or higher | 2,862 (21.7) | 0.8 (0.4-1.6)§ | 10,717 (66.1) | 1.2 (1.0-1.6)§ | 2,306 (34.3) | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) | 3,167 (27.3) | 0.1 (0.03-0.4) | 27,020 (36.2) | 0.05 (0.02-0.08)§ | 3,416 (31.9) | 0.9 (0.6-1.4) | 7,918 (73.9) | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) | |||||
| Wealth Index quintile | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest, low, or middile | 7,669 (61.7) | 0.06 (0.02-0.18) (ref) | 12,303 (58.2) | 0.5 (0.4-0.8) (ref) | 5,190 (49.5) | 0.9 (0.6-1.4) (ref) | 6,239 (78.1) | 0.05 (0.01-0.2) (ref) | 45,483 (66.6) | 0.01 (0.004-0.03) (ref) | 8,795 (45.7) | 0.3 (0.1-0.5) (ref) | 6,976 (52.7) | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) (ref) | |||||
| High or highest | 5,109 (38.3) | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) | 7,057 (41.8) | 1.4 (1.0-1.9)§ | 3,413 (50.5) | 1.6 (1.1-2.4) | 3,908 (21.9) | 0.1 (0.04-0.5) | 28,521 (33.4) | 0.04 (0.02-0.07) | 5,863 (54.3) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4)§ | 4,636 (47.3) | 1.3 (0.9-1.9)§ | |||||
| Romania (2018) |
Russia (2016) |
Senegal (2015) |
Turkey (2016) |
Ukraine (2017) |
Uruguay (2017) |
Vietnam (2015) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | n (%)* | Prevalence† % (95% CI) | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||||
| Men | 2,097 (48.4) | 5.0 (3.9-6.4) (ref) | 4,783 (45.3) | 5.4 (4.5-6.5) (ref) | 1,960 (48.5) | 0.2 (0.03-0.9) (ref) | 4,419 (49.8) | 2.1 (1.7-2.7) (ref) | 3,763 (45.4) | 2.5 (1.8-3.4) (ref) | 2,186 (47.6) | 0.3 (0.1-0.7) (ref) | 3,983 (48.5) | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) (ref) | |||||
| Women | 2,451 (51.6) | 1.8 (1.2-2.8)§ | 6,665 (54.7) | 1.9 (1.5-2.5)§ | 2,382 (51.5) | 0.05 (0.01-0.3) | 4,311 (50.2) | 0.6 (0.3-1.0)§ | 4,529 (54.6) | 1.0 (0.6-1.5)§ | 2,773 (52.4) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 5,011 (51.5) | 0.1 (0.02-0.4) | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||||||||||
| 15-24 | 340 (11.7) | 3.9 (2.3-6.7) (ref) | 949 (12.5) | 9.7 (7.5-12.5) (ref) | 1,187 (33.9) | 0.2 (0.04-1.3) (ref) | 1,433 (21.3) | 1.7 (1.1-2.6) (ref) | 537 (11.7) | 4.2 (2.7-6.5) (ref) | 549 (19.9) | 0.5 (0.1-1.6) (ref) | 1,147 (23) | 0.1 (0.02-0.9) (ref) | |||||
| 25-44 | 1,271 (38.2) | 6.3 (4.7-8.3) | 3,968 (37.8) | 4.6 (3.9-5.5)§ | 1,944 (41.6) | 0.1 (0.01-0.4) | 4,196 (40.5) | 2.0 (1.5-2.5) | 2,348 (37.3) | 2.4 (1.7-3.3) | 1,638 (34) | 0.2 (0.1-0.5) | 3,497 (41.9) | 0.3 (0.1-0.6) | |||||
| ≥45 | 2,937 (50.1) | 1.0 (0.7-1.6)§ | 6,531 (49.6) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5)§ | 1,211 (24.5) | –‡ | 3,101 (38.2) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8)§ | 5,407 (51.0) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9)§ | 2,772 (46.1) | 0.1 (0.05-0.4) | 4,350 (35.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.6) | |||||
| Residential area | |||||||||||||||||||
| Urban | 2,301 (56.7) | 3.5 (2.6-4.6) (ref) | 6,125 (75) | 4.0 (3.3-4.8) (ref) | 2,198 (49.9) | 0.2 (0-0.9) (ref) | 7,785 (92.1) | 1.3 (1.1-1.7) (ref) | 4,137 (69.4) | 1.9 (1.4-2.5) (ref) | 4,736 (94.8) | 0.2 (0.1-0.5) (ref) | 4,419 (33.8) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) (ref) | |||||
| Rural | 2,247 (43.3) | 3.2 (2.2-4.5) | 5,323 (25) | 2.1 (1.5-2.9)§ | 2,144 (50.1) | 0.02 (0.003-0.1) | 945 (7.9) | 1.2 (0.6-2.7) | 4,155 (30.6) | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | 223 (5.2) | –‡ | 4,575 (66.2) | 0.2 (0.1-0.5) | |||||
| Education Level | |||||||||||||||||||
| No or primary | 1,768 (33.1) | 2.2 (1.5-3.4) (ref) | 1,547 (11.5) | 2.2 (1.4-3.4) (ref) | 3,706 (85.3) | 0.1 (0.02-0.5) (ref) | 3,485 (40.2) | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) (ref) | 837 (6.1) | 0.1 (0.01-0.4) (ref) | 1,987 (40) | 0.1 (0.03-0.8) (ref) | 6,067 (67.9) | 0.11 (0.05-0.25) (ref) | |||||
| Secondary or higher | 2,711 (66.9) | 3.9 (3.1-5.1) | 9,751 (88.5) | 3.7 (3.1-4.4)§ | 629 (14.7) | 0.2 (0.02-1.1) | 5,226 (59.8) | 1.8 (1.4-2.3) | 7,429 (93.9) | 1.8 (1.4-2.3)§ | 2,967 (60) | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | 2,918 (32.1) | 0.5 (0.2-1.0) | |||||
| Wealth Index quintile | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lowest, low, or middile | 2,737 (51.1) | 2.5 (1.7-3.5) (ref) | 7,311 (56.4) | 2.9 (2.3-3.5) (ref) | 2,602 (56.2) | –‡ (ref) | 5,446 (61.9) | 1.3 (1.0-1.7) (ref) | 4,981 (44.6) | 1.0 (0.6-1.5) (ref) | 2,980 (57.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.3) (ref) | 5,403 (60.7) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) (ref) | |||||
| High or highest | 1,811 (48.9) | 4.3 (3.3-5.6) | 4,137 (43.6) | 4.3 (3.4-5.4) | 1,740 (43.8) | 0.2 (0.1-1.0) | 3,284 (38.1) | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | 3,311 (55.4) | 2.2 (1.7-2.9) | 1,979 (42.9) | 0.4 (0.1-1.0) | 3,591 (39.3) | 0.3 (0.2-0.6) | |||||
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
⁎
Unweighted sample size and weighted percentage.
†
Weighted crude prevalence.
‡
Data is not reliable based on the data suppression criteria that consider the effective sample size, degree of freedom, and the absolute and relative widths of the Korn and Graubard confidence interval.
§
Statistically significant different from the prevalence in reference group based on the contrast of marginal effect between groups adjusting for other sociodemographic factors in multivariable logistic regression model.