Figure 2.

Brain tissue sections were stained with Iba-1, a common marker for activated microglia and perivascular macrophages

Iba-1-positive cells were identified using immunohistochemistry in brain tissue from both uninfected (A, representative image from an uninfected macaque treated with saline) and infected (B, representative image from a SIV-infected macaque treated with saline). Deprenyl treatment did not increase the number of Iba-1-positive cells in either uninfected or SIV-infected macaques, but SIV infection significantly increased the number of Iba-1 cells [C, 2-way ANOVA SIV x deprenyl, n = 4; SIV, F (1,11) = 8.429, ∗p = 0.0144; deprenyl, F (1,11) = 0.03322, p = 0.0859]. Although SIV-infected cells could be identified by RNAscope in situ hybridization across the CNS (caudate shown in D), the overall numbers of infected cells were too low to quantify. Short scale bar 10 μm, long scale bar 50 μm.