Table 1.
Autophagy Inhibitors and Inducers
| Chemical reagent | Working concentration | Function (references) | Sites of target in autophagy signaling |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chloroquine | 50 μmol/L | Autophagy inhibitor | Autophagosome maturation |
| Bafilomycin | 50 nmol/L | Autophagy inhibitor | V-type ATPase inhibitor |
| MRT68921 | 1 μmol/L | Autophagy inhibitor | ULK1 complex |
| LY-294002 | 10 mmol/L | Autophagy inhibitor | Class I and Class III PI3K |
| 3′-MA | 5 mmol/L | Autophagy inhibitor | Class I and Class III PI3K |
| Wortmannin | 50 nmol/L | Autophagy inhibitor | Class I and Class III PI3K |
| MHY1485 | 2 μmol/L | Autophagy inhibitor | mTOR |
| Torin-1 | 5 μmol/L | Autophagy inducer | mTOR |
| Rapamycin | 100 ng/mL | Autophagy inducer | mTOR |