Figure 2.

Optogenetic activation of CR neurons in the PIL promotes seizure progression

(A) Experimental schematic of viral injection and photostimulation in CR-ChR2^PIL mice. AAV2/9-EF1α-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP was injected into the PIL of CR-cre mice.

(B) Representative images of the PIL from a CR-ChR2^PIL mouse, showing the overlap of eYFP and CR neurons (red). Scale Bar: 200 μm. Right, scaled up immunoreactivity image of eYFP, CR, and colocalization of both stains (yellow). Scale bar: 20 μm.

(C) Quantification of the percentage of eYFP neurons that co-express CR (n = 2). Data are represented as mean.

(D–G) Effects of optogenetic activation of PIL CR neurons on developmental seizure stage (SS, D), after-discharge duration (ADD, E), number of stimulations in different stages (F), and number of stimulations to different stages (G). The number of mice in each group is indicated in figure. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, compared with CR::ChR2 589 nm laser group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ####p < 0.0001, compared with CR::eYFP 488 nm laser group; For D, E, two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test; For F and G, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM.

(H and I) Representative EEGs and corresponding power spectra of mice.