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. 2021 Oct 3;227(4):1195–1225. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02392-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 31 — Illustration of the eye position and orientation based off the orbital plane of the skulls from animals in the present work. This extrapolation is not accurate enough to predict correctly eye field of vision (Duke Elder, 1961); however, it remains helpful to visualize gross differences in the position resulting in the grouping in three categories that we named frontal-eyed (represented by primates), wide field (terrestrial Cetartiodactyls) and lateral-eyed (cetaceans)