Table 1.

Description of the participants by Socioeconomic Status group.

	Higher	Lower	X2 or t	p
	n (%) or M (SD)	n (%) or M (SD)
Demographics
Total N	62	54
Sex: Female	27 (44%)	24 (44%)	0.01a	0.92
GA at Birth (weeks)	28.5 (SD 2.5)	29.2 (SD 2.3)	−1.57b	0.12
Hospitalization Duration (days)	62 (SD 32)	53 (SD 27)	1.53b	0.13
Language: English	55 (89%)	27 (50%)	20.87 a	<0.001
Race: White	13 (21%)	10 (19%)	0.11a	0.74
Clinical Factors
Apgar Score 1 Minute	5 (SD 2)	6 (SD 2)	−0.56b	0.58
Apgar Score 5 Minutes	7 (SD 1)	8 (SD 2)	−0.76b	0.45
Intraventricular Hemorrhage Grades 3 & 4	1 (2%)	4 (7%)	2.35a	0.12
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	12 (19%)	9 (17%)	0.14a	0.71
Sepsis	5 (8%)	2 (4%)	0.97a	0.32
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	5 (8%)	5 (9%)	0.05a	0.82
High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilator	8 (13%)	6 (11%)	0.13a	0.72
Family Visitation
Visitation Days/Hospital Days (%)	77 (SD 18)	65 (SD 24)	2.94 b	<0.001

Abbreviations: GA = gestational age; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; bold = significant.

^aChi-square test (X²).

^bIndependent samples t-test (t).