. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2021 Oct 28;43(5):e304–e311. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001029

Table 4.

Results of Kangaroo Care by Language group.

		English	Other Language	F	p	η _p ²
		M (SD)	M (SD)
Kangaroo Care
Rate (minutes/day)^a		38 (26)	21 (16)	13.44	<0.001	0.11
	(controlled for GA at birth)			12.79	0.001	0.10
	(controlled for SES)			2.43	0.12	0.02
Frequency (%)^b		38 (22)	27 (18)	7.63	0.01	0.06
	(controlled for GA at birth)			7.99	0.01	0.07
	(controlled for SES)			0.16	0.69	<0.01
Duration (minutes)^c		91 (30)	67 (32)	14.83	<0.001	0.12
	(controlled for GA at birth)			10.35	<0.001	0.08
	(controlled for SES)			5.03	0.03	0.04

Abbreviations: KC = Kangaroo Care; GA = gestational age; SES = socioeconomic status; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; SEM = standard error of the mean; bold = significant.

Rate = KC total minutes/family visitation days

Frequency = KC days/family visitation days

Duration = KC total minutes/KC days