Table 3.

HRs and 95% CIs comparing the risk for ASD in exposed and unexposed children by timing and type of antipsychotic exposure

	Number with ASD/N	Person-years at risk	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
			Crude	Model 1*	Model 2†
Antipsychotic exposure
Unexposed	38436/4 308 620	41 982 697	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Exposed anytime during pregnancy	238/15 466	131 029	2.12 (1.86 to 2.41)	2.11 (1.86 to 2.40)	1.12 (0.97 to 1.29)
Timing of antipsychotic exposure
First trimester only	105/6478	56 420	2.14 (1.76 to 2.59)	1.96 (1.62 to 2.38)	1.19 (0.97 to 1.44)
Second/third trimester only	47/3349	28 781	1.96 (1.47 to 2.61)	2.11 (1.58 to 2.80)	1.11 (0.83 to 1.48)
First trimester and second/third trimester	86/5639	45 826	2.24 (1.80 to 2.78)	2.35 (1.90 to 2.91)	1.04 (0.82 to 1.30)
Type of antipsychotic exposure
Typical antipsychotics only	113/6896	75 823	1.60 (1.33 to 1.93)	1.66 (1.38 to 2.00)	1.06 (0.87 to 1.28)
Atypical antipsychotics only	110/7752	48 166	3.09 (2.56 to 3.73)	2.91 (2.41 to 3.52)	1.26 (1.03 to 1.54)

*Adjusted for source country, birth year, sex of child, maternal age, and parity.

†Adjusted for source country, birth year, sex of child, maternal age, parity, maternal education, cohabitation, mother born within source country, BMI, smoking, maternal comorbidity, use of known teratogens, use of suspected teratogens, other medications during pregnancy.

ASD, autism spectrum disorder; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.