Table 1.

Characteristics of participants in the EVA-PR (Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma) and VDKA (Vitamin D Kids Asthma) studies, according to presence of overweight or obese asthma (OOA) vs. normal weight asthma (NWA)

	EVA-PR†		VDKA‡
	OOA	NWA	OOA	NWA
Subjects	107	128	37	29
Age years	15.0 [13.0, 17.5]	15.0 [13.0, 17.0]	11.0 [9.00, 12.0]	10.0 [8.00, 11.0]
Female	49 (45.8%)	52 (40.6%)	13 (35.1%)	14 (48.3%)
Race
Puerto Rican	107 (100.0%)	128 (100.0%)
Caucasian			7 (18.9%)	11 (37.9%)
African American			22 (59.5%)	16 (55.2%)
Other			8 (21.6%)	2 (6.9%)
BMI z-score	1.75 [1.38, 2.18]***	0.17 [−0.39, 0.61]	1.83 [1.36, 2.31]***	−0.12 [−0.68, 0.64]
FEV1 % predicted	98.2 [87.9, 105]	95.3 [86.8, 102]	91.6 [82.8, 99.7]	90.8 [76.2, 99.6]
FVC % predicted	104 [95.9, 112]*	98.3 [92.9, 108]	107 [92.8, 114]*	98.6 [87.2, 113]
FEV1/FVC ratio	0.84 [0.78, 0.87]*	0.84 [0.79, 0.90]	0.77 [0.72, 0.82]	0.82 [0.77, 0.86]
Atopy	77 (72.0%)	88 (68.8%)	33 (89.2%)	23 (79.3%)
Severe exacerbation§	22 (20.6%)	17 (13.3%)	14 (37.8%)	13 (44.8%)
Inhaled steroid	27 (25.2%)	35 (27.3%)	N/A¶	N/A¶
Nasal steroid	2 (1.9%)	7 (5.5%)	N/A¶	N/A¶
Leukotriene	25 (23.4%)	29 (22.7%)	N/A¶	N/A¶

Data are presented as number (percentage) for categorical variables or median [Q1, Q3] for continuous variables.

^†: N = 235

^‡: N = 66.

^§: Defined per ATS/ERS criteria, as the use of systemic corticosteroids for at least 3 days or a hospitalization or ED visit because of asthma requiring systemic corticosteroids. The comparison between overweight or obesity and asthma (OOA) and normal weight asthma (NWA) within each cohort was conducted using t-tests for continuous variables, and chi-squared tests for binary variables.

^***P < 0.001

^**P < 0.01

^*P < 0.05

^¶The only asthma medications in the trial were daily fluticasone or as-needed albuterol.