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. 2022 Apr 14;4:873222. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.873222

Table 4.

Prevalence of reported menstrual symptoms for progestin-only and combined hormonal contraceptive (HC) users, and for all HC users and non-HC users.

Symptoms Progestin-only HC users (n = 12) Combined HC users (n = 18) All HC users (n = 30) Non-HC users (n = 25)
Frequency
(n)
Prevalence,
%
Frequency
(n)
Prevalence,
%
Frequency
(n)
Prevalence,
%
Frequency
(n)
Prevalence,
%
Physical
Stomach cramps/abdominal pain 6 50 16 89 22 73 13 52
Back pain 4 33 5 28 9 30 11 44
Heavy bleeding 4 33 4 22 8 27 4 16
Tiredness/fatigue/lethargy 2 17 1 6 3 10 4 16
Nausea/sickness/vomiting 0 0 2 11 2 7 4 16
Unspecified pain/cramps 2 17 0 0 2 7 3 12
Bloating/Other stomach problems 2 17 0 0 2 7 3 12
Reduced physical fitness 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8
Muscle- and/or joint ache 2 17 2 11 4 13 2 8
Sweating/hot flushes 0 0 1 6 1 3 1 4
Hunger/increased appetite 1 8 0 0 1 3 1 4
Sore breasts 1 8 0 0 1 3 1 4
Headache 1 8 1 6 2 7 0 0
Emotional
Mood changes/swings 4 33 3 17 7 23 9 36
Demotivated/sad/depressed 1 8 1 6 2 7 2 8
Flustered/Unfocused 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8