Table I.

Recent applications and rise of machine-learning in arthroplasty literature since 2015.

Year	Studies, n	Study topic(s)
2015	1	Lower limb muscle activation patterns after TKA
2016	1	Gait analysis after TKA/UKA
2017	3	Classification of revision TKA cause, effect of femoral stem morphology on stress shielding, prediction of opioid use after THA
2018	5	Cost use after THA and TKA, patient activity monitoring after TKA, image-based rating of corrosion severity for THA implants, readmissions after TJR
2019	32	Clinical outcome prediction (adverse events and patient-reported outcomes), resource use and cost of episodes of care, patient activity monitoring (wearable sensors, gait analysis), automatic chart review using natural language processing, implant identification*
2020	56	Clinical outcome prediction (adverse events and patient-reported outcomes), resource use and cost of episodes of care, patient activity monitoring (wearable sensors, gait analysis), automatic chart review using natural language processing, implant identification*
2021 to date	45	Clinical outcome prediction (adverse events and patient-reported outcomes), resource use and cost of episodes of care, patient activity monitoring (wearable sensors, gait analysis), automatic chart review using natural language processing, implant identification*

^*Applications categorized into four major domains for brevity.

THA, total hip arthroplasty; TJR, total joint replacement; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; UKA, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.