Table 1.
Group differences in demographics, symptom presentation, comorbidities, and psychiatric history (mean and standard deviation or number and percentage, followed by overall sample size).
| ARFID | GI-related SSRD | Difference between ARFID and GI-related SSRD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 14.08 (2.88), 62 Range = 5.19–18.23 | 14.25 (2.31), 37 Range = 9.29–18.00 | t(97) = −.311, p = .756, 95% CI [−.47,.34], d = −.06 |
| Sex assigned at birth | |||
| Female | 43 (69.4%), 62 | 25 (67.6%), 37 | χ2(1, N = 99) = .034, p = .853 |
| Male | 19 (30.6%), 62 | 12 (32.4%), 37 | |
| Gender identity different than sex | |||
| No | 60 (96.8%), 62 | 36 (97.3%), 37 | p = 1.000 b |
| Yes | 2 (3.2%), 62 | 1 (2.7%), 37 | |
| Percent of median BMI according to the WHO a | 80.08% (10.13), 61 Range = 61.6%–107.8% | 92.75% (18.60), 15 Range = 74.76%–149.75% | t(74) = −3.605, p = .001**, 95% CI [−1.62,-0.44], d = −1.04 |
| Physical symptoms reported at assessment c | 58 (93.5%), 62 | 37 (100%), 37 | p = .294 b |
| Cognitive problems | 17 (27.4%) | 11 (29.7%) | |
| Dizziness or fainting/syncope | 15 (24.2%) | 14 (37.8%) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 52 (83.9%) | 37 (100%) | |
| Headache or migraine | 21 (33.9%) | 14 (37.8%) | |
| Movement problems | 2 (3.2%) | 16 (43.2%) | |
| Perceptual disturbances | 3 (4.8%) | 9 (24.3%) | |
| Sensory problems | 8 (12.9%) | 9 (24.3%) | |
| Other pain | 12 (19.4%) | 15 (40.5%) | |
| Other symptoms | 18 (29%) | 1 (2.7%) | |
| Co-occurring medical diagnosis c | 14 (22.6%), 62 | 17 (45.9%), 37 | χ 2 (1, N = 99) = 5.882, p = .015* |
| Chronic (non-abdominal) pain d | 2 (3.2%) | 4 (10.8%) | p = .193 b |
| Endocrine conditions d | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (2.7%) | p = 1.000 b |
| Gastrointestinal conditions d | 6 (9.7%) | 4 (10.8%) | p = 1.000 b |
| Neurological conditions d | 1 (1.6%) | 7 (18.9%) | p = .004 b |
| Oncological conditions d | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (2.7%) | p = 1.000 b |
| Other d | 5 (8.1%) | 4 (10.8%) | p = .724 b |
| Co-occurring psychiatric diagnosisc,e | 33 (53.2%), 62 | 19 (51.4%), 37 | χ2(1, N = 99) = .033, p = .857 |
| Bipolar-related or depressive disorder | 6 (9.7%) | 4 (10.8%) | |
| Anxiety disorder | 27 (43.5%) | 15 (40.5%) | |
| Obsessive-compulsive or related disorder | 7 (11.3%) | 4 (10.8%) | |
| Traumatic or stressor-related disorder | 2 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Disruptive, impulse-control, or conduct disorder | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (2.7%) | |
| Neurodevelopmental disorder | 8 (12.9%) | 6 (16.2%) | |
| History of abuse | |||
| Physical | 4 (6.5%), 62 | 0 (0%), 37 | p = .294 b |
| Sexual | 1 (1.6%), 62 | 3 (8.1%), 37 | p = .146 b |
| Self-harm and suicidality | |||
| History of self-harm | 8 (12.9%), 62 | 7 (18.9%), 37 | χ2(1, N = 99) = .652, p = .419 |
| History of suicidal ideation | 17 (27.4%), 62 | 16 (43.2%), 37 | χ2(1, N = 99) = 2.611, p = .106 |
| History of suicide attempt | 4 (6.5%), 62 | 2 (5.4%), 37 | p = 1.000 b |
| Substance use (historical and/or current) | 8 (12.9%), 62 | 5 (13.5%), 37 | p = 1.000 b |
| Illicit substance use | 6 (9.7%) | 4 (10.8%) | |
| Prescription medication misuse | 2 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Alcohol use | 8 (12.9%) | 3 (8.1%) | |
Note. ARFID = Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder; CI = confidence interval; GI = gastrointestinal; SSRD = Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder; WHO = World Health Organization.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001; analyses reaching significance are bolded.
aIf data were unavailable at admission/assessment, the height/weight taken at the nearest time point to the assessment was recorded, within 1 month. If not available within 1 month of assessment, recorded as missing data.
bFisher’s exact test (2-sided) used as the assumption of expected frequencies was violated.
cEvaluated against a Bonferroni-correlated level of p < .017.
dEvaluated against a Bonferroni-adjusted level of p < .008.
eIncludes only “full” diagnoses. Data relating to schizophrenia spectrum/psychotic disorder diagnoses were extracted but not included as no participants had a diagnosis in this category.