Table 1.
Processing conditions of treatments containing traditional and novel fiber sources for adult canines
| Parameter | Treatments1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO | MF | MF + TP | MF + FOS | MF + RS | BP | |
| Dry bulk density, g/L | 599.1 | 594.3 | 602.3 | 600.7 | 597.5 | 595.9 |
| Dry feed rate, kg/h | 362.9 | 362.8 | 362.8 | 362.8 | 362.8 | 362.8 |
| Specific mechanical energy, kW*h/ton | 64.6 | 66.1 | 67.6 | 71.0 | 72.0 | 74.1 |
| Total mass flow rate, kg/h | 527.5 | 519.5 | 509.6 | 503.4 | 489.6 | 492.2 |
| Preconditioner | ||||||
| Shaft speed, rpm | 180.0 | 180.0 | 180.0 | 180.0 | 180.0 | 180.0 |
| Water, kg/h | 65.9 | 66.3 | 66.2 | 66.1 | 67.0 | 66.5 |
| Steam, kg/h | 95.0 | 83.4 | 72.4 | 66.6 | 74.8 | 78.6 |
| Discharge temperature, °C | 88.9 | 88.8 | 87.8 | 87.4 | 86.4 | 88.3 |
| Extruder | ||||||
| Speed, rpm | 370.7 | 375.0 | 375.0 | 400.0 | 375.0 | 425.0 |
| Steam, kg/h | 28.5 | 29.7 | 28.4 | 26.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Die | ||||||
| Temperature, °C | 101.9 | 103.2 | 102.4 | 102.0 | 102.1 | 103.6 |
| Pressure, psi | 405.7 | 370.7 | 360.0 | 258.3 | 317.5 | 437.5 |
| Knife speed, rpm | 2,000.0 | 2,000.0 | 2,000.0 | 2,000.0 | 2,000.0 | 2,000.0 |
CO, control; MF, M-Fiber; MF + TP, M-Fiber + tomato pomace; MF + FOS, M-Fiber + fructooligosaccharide; MF + RS, M-Fiber + resistant starch; BP, beet pulp.